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Ishigaki T, Hirokawa M, Ezawa Y, Yamanaka M. Relationship Between Posterior Shoulder Tightness and Lower-Limb Flexibility in College Baseball Players. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37146986 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Posterior shoulder tightness evaluated as limited glenohumeral internal rotation and horizontal adduction is a risk factor for throwing-related shoulder and elbow injuries. Given that the throwing motion uses the entire body kinematics, limited lower-limb flexibility might be associated with posterior shoulder tightness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationships between posterior shoulder tightness and lower-limb flexibility in college baseball players. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two college baseball players (20 right-handed and 2 left-handed). METHODS To investigate the relationships between glenohumeral range of motion and lower-limb flexibility using simple linear regression analysis, we measured passive range of motion of glenohumeral internal rotation and horizontal adduction, hip internal/external rotation in the prone/sitting position, ankle dorsiflexion, and quadriceps and hamstrings flexibility from both shoulders and legs. RESULTS Our analysis indicated that decreases in the lead leg hip external rotation in the prone position were moderately associated with limitations in glenohumeral internal rotation (R2 = .250, β [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.500 [0.149 to 1.392], P = .018) and horizontal adduction (R2 = .200, β [95% CI] = 0.447 [0.051 to 1.499], P = .019) on the throwing shoulder. Furthermore, there were significant moderate relationships between decreases in glenohumeral internal rotation and limited lead leg quadriceps flexibility (R2 = .189, β [95% CI] = 0.435 [0.019 to 1.137], P = .022), and between decreases in glenohumeral horizontal adduction and limited stance leg ankle dorsiflexion (R2 = .243, β [95% CI] = 0.493 [0.139 to 1.438], P = .010). CONCLUSION College baseball players with limited lower-limb flexibilities including the lead leg hip external rotation in the prone position, the lead leg quadriceps flexibility, and the stance leg ankle dorsiflexion showed excessive posterior shoulder tightness. The current results support the hypothesis that lower-limb flexibility is associated with posterior shoulder tightness in college baseball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ishigaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata,Japan
- Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido,Japan
| | | | - Yuya Ezawa
- Social and Human Science Course, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo,Japan
| | - Masanori Yamanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Chitose, Hokkaido,Japan
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Ishigaki T, Hirokawa M, Ezawa Y, Yamanaka M. Supraspinatus Tendon Changes and Glenohumeral Range of Motion in College Baseball Players. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:145-150. [PMID: 34265860 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Baseball players commonly show altered glenohumeral range of motion during internal rotation, external rotation, total rotation, and horizontal adduction. These altered ranges of motion appear to be associated with throwing shoulder injuries, which frequently involve the supraspinatus tendons; thus, we aimed to examine the relationship between altered glenohumeral range of motion and supraspinatus tendon changes in collegiate baseball players. To investigate this association using the Pearson correlation coefficient, we measured glenohumeral internal rotation, external rotation, total rotation, and horizontal adduction ranges of motion and supraspinatus tendon thickness in 22 college baseball players. Consequently, there was a significant relationship between increase in supraspinatus tendon thickness and greater deficit of internal rotation (r=-0.520, P=0.013). Increased supraspinatus tendon thickness tended to be associated with greater external rotation gain (r=0.394, P=0.073). No other range of motion had any relationship with supraspinatus tendon changes. These results might indicate that restricted glenohumeral internal rotation and excessive gain in external rotation increase the risk of supraspinatus tendon abnormalities in baseball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ishigaki
- Graduate School of Human Life Design, Toyo University, Asaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motoki Hirokawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Obihiro Kosei Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yuya Ezawa
- Department of Social and Human Science Course, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamanaka
- Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Chitose, Japan
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Koshino Y, Yamanaka M, Ezawa Y, Okunuki T, Ishida T, Samukawa M, Tohyama H. Coupling motion between rearfoot and hip and knee joints during walking and single-leg landing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 37:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Koshino Y, Ishida T, Yamanaka M, Ezawa Y, Okunuki T, Kobayashi T, Samukawa M, Saito H, Tohyama H. Kinematics and muscle activities of the lower limb during a side-cutting task in subjects with chronic ankle instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:1071-80. [PMID: 26254794 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate lower limb kinematics and muscular activities during walking, side-turning while walking, and side-cutting movement in athletes with chronic ankle instability and compare the results to those of athletes without chronic ankle instability. METHODS Lower limb kinematics and muscular activities were evaluated in 10 athletes with chronic ankle instability and 10 healthy control athletes using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and surface electromyography during the 200-ms pre-initial contact (IC) and stance phases while walking, side-turning while walking, and side-cutting. RESULTS During walking or side-turning while walking, there were no significant differences in kinematics or muscle activities between the subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. For the side-cutting task, however, ankle inversion angles during the 200-ms pre-IC and late stance phases [effect sizes (ESs) = 0.95-1.43], the hip flexion angle (ESs = 0.94-0.96) and muscular activities of the gastrocnemius medialis (ESs = 1.04-1.73) during the early stance phase were significantly greater in the athletes with chronic ankle instability than in the healthy control athletes. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of kinematics in athletes with chronic ankle instability were found not only at the ankle but also at hip joints during the side-cutting movement. These alterations were not detected during walking or side-turning while walking. The findings of the present study indicate that clinicians should take into account the motion of the hip joint during the side-cutting movement in persons with chronic ankle instability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koshino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,Rehabilitation Center, NTT East Japan Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Hokushin Orthopedic Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamanaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yuya Ezawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takumi Okunuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takumi Kobayashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Hokkaido Chitose Institute of Rehabilitation Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Harukazu Tohyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, West-5, North-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
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Ishigaki T, Ishida T, Samukawa M, Saito H, Hirokawa M, Ezawa Y, Sugawara M, Tohyama H, Yamanaka M. Comparing trapezius muscle activity in the different planes of shoulder elevation. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1495-7. [PMID: 26157248 PMCID: PMC4483426 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the upper, middle, and lower trapezius
muscles’ activity in the different planes of shoulder elevation. [Subjects] Twenty male
subjects volunteered for this study. [Methods] Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity
for each of the three regions of the trapezius muscles in the three different planes of
elevation were collected while the participants maintained 30, 60, and 90 degrees of
elevation in each plane. The EMG data were normalized with maximum voluntary isometric
contraction (%MVIC), and compared among the planes at each angle of elevation. [Results]
There were significantly different muscle activities among the elevation planes at each
angle. [Conclusion] This study found that the three regions of the trapezius muscles
changed their activity depending on the planes of shoulder elevation. These changes in the
trapezius muscles could induce appropriate scapular motion to face the glenoid cavity in
the correct directions in different planes of shoulder elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ishigaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan ; Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan ; Hokushin Hospital, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Motoki Hirokawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yuya Ezawa
- Matsuda Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Japan
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Ishigaki T, Ishida T, Samukawa M, Saito H, Ezawa Y, Hirokawa M, Kato T, Sugawara M, Tohyama H, Yamanaka M. Does restriction of glenohumeral horizontal adduction reflect posterior capsule thickening of the throwing shoulder? J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1299-302. [PMID: 26157205 PMCID: PMC4483383 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Glenohumeral posterior capsule tightness possibly relates to posterior capsule
thickness (PCT). The purpose of the current study was to analyze the relationships between
PCT and glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) in horizontal adduction (HAdd) and internal
rotation (IR). [Subjects and Methods] This study recruited 39 healthy collegiate baseball
players. We measured PCT by using ultrasonography and ROM of the glenohumeral joint of the
throwing shoulder by using a digital inclinometer. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were
calculated between PCT and HAdd or IR ROM. [Results] There was no correlation between PCT
and HAdd ROM, but PCT was significantly correlated with IR ROM. [Conclusion] This result
indicates that posterior shoulder capsule tightness only relates to IR ROM, and that
restricted HAdd ROM might reflect tightness of other tissue, such as the posterior
deltoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ishigaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan ; Matsuda Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan ; Hokushin Hospital, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yuya Ezawa
- Matsuda Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Motoki Hirokawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takumi Kato
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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Ishigaki T, Yamanaka M, Hirokawa M, Tai K, Ezawa Y, Samukawa M, Tohyama H, Sugawara M. Rehabilitation Exercises to Induce Balanced Scapular Muscle Activity in an Anti-gravity Posture. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:1871-4. [PMID: 25540485 PMCID: PMC4273045 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the intramuscular balance ratios of
the upper trapezius muscle (UT) and the lower trapezius muscle (LT), and the intermuscular
balance ratios of the UT and the serratus anterior muscle (SA) among prone extension
(ProExt), prone horizontal abduction with external rotation (ProHAbd), forward flexion in
the side-lying position (SideFlex), side-lying external rotation (SideEr), shoulder
flexion with glenohumeral horizontal abduction load (FlexBand), and shoulder flexion with
glenohumeral horizontal adduction load (FlexBall) in the standing posture. [Methods] The
electromyographic (EMG) activities of the UT, LT and SA were measured during the tasks.
The percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) was calculated for each
muscle, and the UT/LT ratios and the UT/SA ratios were compared among the tasks. [Results]
The UT/LT ratio with the FlexBand was not significantly different from those of the four
exercises in the side-lying and prone postures. The UT/SA ratio with the FlexBall
demonstrated appropriate balanced activity. [Conclusion] In an anti-gravity posture, we
recommend the FlexBand and the FlexBall for inducing balanced UT/LT and UT/SA ratios,
respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ishigaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan ; Matsuda Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Motoki Hirokawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | | | - Yuya Ezawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan ; Matsuda Orthopaedic Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Ezawa Y. Comments on "State-Feedback Control of Fuzzy Discrete-Event Systems. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern 2011; 41:1170-1172. [PMID: 21427024 DOI: 10.1109/tsmcb.2011.2122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The above paper considers the state-feedback control problem of fuzzy discrete-event systems (DESs) (FDESs) and gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a state-feedback controller. In this correspondence paper, after indicating that the problem under consideration is applicable for general DESs, not limited to FDESs, we show that the condition given in the above paper is not necessary by a counterexample and then provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a state-feedback controller.
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