[Psychological problems in breast cancer patients should be taken seriously]

With the transformation of the biopsychosocial medical model, psychological problems and related interventions for breast cancer patients have received more and more attention. Patients often have various psychological problems, in diagnosis, treatment, and even in the state of disease-free survival, such as anxiety and depression, which not only seriously reduces the quality of life, but also affects the follow-up treatment and increases the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, physicians should perform routine psychological screening and appropriate intervention for patients. In recent years, psychological intervention has gradually become an important part of comprehensive breast cancer treatment, in which cognitive behavior therapy can alleviate patients' anxiety and sleep disorders, mindfulness therapy can treat patients' anxiety, depression and fear of cancer recurrence, and psychoeducational support is mainly used to address patients' mood disorders and sexual dysfunction. Improving patients' compliance with treatment and quality of life is the main goal of psychological intervention for breast cancer patients.

[An analysis of breast cancer patients with ultrasound BI-RADS 3 lesions after minimally invasive excision in clinicopathological features and influencing factors of residual tumor]

Objectives: To examine the clinicopathological characteristics and the influencing factors of the residual tumor of patients with Breast Image Report and Data System (BI-RADS) grade 3 lesions diagnosed with malignancy after minimally invasive excision. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, clinicopathological data of 69 cases, which had been evaluated as BI-RADS 3 lesions by ultrasound (4 151 cases) diagnosed with breast cancer by minimally invasive excision pathology, were analyzed between May 2012 and June 2016 at the Department of Breast Surgery of the Second Hospital of Shandong University and Linyi People's Hospital. All patients were female, aged (43.4±8.2) years (range: 22 to 70 years). Based on residual tumor after minimally invasive excision, patients were classified into two subgroups: tumor residual group (n=39) and non-tumor residual group (n=30). The clinicopathological features between the two groups were compared. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics were compared in different groups using the χ2 test and the t test. Potential variables identified in the univariate analysis and other relevant variables will be analyzed multivarially using Logistic regression models. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for survival analysis and survival curves. Results: The breast cancer detection rate of ultrasound BI-RADS 3 lesions was 1.66% (69/4 151), and their maximum diameter of the masses was (1.27±0.45) cm (range: 0.5 to 2.3 cm). Among them, the maximum diameter were ≤1 cm in 28 cases and >1 cm in 41 cases. Histopathological results showed carcinoma in situ in 24 cases and invasive carcinoma in 41 cases, positive expression of the estrogen receptor in 47 cases, positive expression of the progesterone receptor in 43 cases, Ki-67 proliferation index elevated in 26 cases. Axillary metastasis positive rate was 10.1% (7/69). Residual tumor after minimally invasive surgery was found in 39 cases (56.5%). Univariate analysis showed that the tumour residual group showed a significantly increased rate of positive expression of the estrogen receptor (91.9%(34/37) vs. 61.9%(13/21), χ2=7.838, P=0.012). In multivariate analysis, the only variable found to significantly affect the residual tumor was the positive expression of the estrogen receptor (OR=16.852, 95%CI: 1.819 to 156.130, P=0.013). The 5-year disease-free survival rate of breast cancer patients with breast ultrasound BI-RADS 3 lesions was 97.1% and the overall survival rate was 98.6%. Conclusions: BI-RADS 3 lesions diagnosed by ultrasound undergoing ultrasound-guided minimally invasive excision have a certain risk of detected malignancy, approximately 1.66%. Patients with positive expression of the estrogen receptor are more likely to develop residual tumor. A secondary operation should be considered to ensure that no tumor residues remain in the cavity.

A first-principles-based high fidelity, high throughput approach for the design of high entropy alloys

Here, we present a preselected small set of ordered structures (PSSOS) method, a first principles-based high fidelity (HF), high throughput (HT) approach, for fast screening of the large composition space of high entropy alloys (HEAs) to select the most energetically stable, single-phase HEAs. Taking quinary AlCoCrFeNi HEA as an example system, we performed PSSOS calculations on the formation energies and mass densities of 8801 compositions in both FCC and BCC lattices and selected five most stable FCC and BCC HEAs for detailed analysis. The calculation results from the PSSOS approach were compared with existing experimental and first-principles data, and the good agreement was achieved. We also compared the PSSOS with the special quasi-random structures (SQS) method, and found that with a comparable accuracy, the PSSOS significantly outperforms the SQS in efficiency, making it ideal for HF, HT calculations of HEAs.

[The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: research design and preliminary results of clinical multi-center cohort]

Objective: The incidence of breast cancer in Chinese women continues to rise. The large breast cancer cohort studies in China are relatively scarce. There are many bottlenecks in the construction of large clinical cohort for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognoses, such as inconsistent standards, high rates of lost follow-up, repeated construction, and inability to share. To better solving the difficulties and problems faced by large-scale clinical cohort research in China, this project will cooperate with several tertiary A hospitals to establish a breast cancer cohort in Chinese women. It also provides a data platform and technical support for breast cancer multi-center clinical cohort research. Methods: Based on the evidence-based medicine and expert opinion and consensus, we established a breast cancer cohort standardized indicator set-recording baseline information, diagnosis and treatment-related information of the enrolled patients, and collecting biological specimens. According to the technical specification of long-term follow-up for the endpoint, data management, and data security and in the large population-based cohort study, a standardized follow-up system for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer prospective cohorts is formed. Results: Based on standardized data sets and the computer discipline's advantage from the University of Science and Technology Beijing, we integrate the new information technology methods, including dynamic information collection terminals and social networks. Thus, the quality of control programs on compliance and intelligence data was improved, and a Chinese women breast cancer cohort database was developed. By February 2020, 12 147 patients were included in the clinical cohort database. Biological specimens'resources in cohort construction were collected and cooperated with Shandong University to research the multi-center quality control system and shared evaluation system of biobanks. Building an open and shared biobank network and forming a full chain of breast cancer research platform. Conclusion: With the implementation of the "13(th) Five-Year Plan" precision medicine research, this study provides a research foundation for precision diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and provides data support for the country to formulate relevant medical policies.

[The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: the construction and progress of the pan-shared biobank]

Objective: Biobank construction plays an irreplaceable role in the research of accurate prevention and treatment of diseases. Shared biobank network based on a large crowd queue is the way of the future. This subject is one of the key contents of national precision medicine "The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: (BCCS-CW)" , aiming to solve the bottleneck of insufficient standardization and sharing. Methods: The establishment of "entity library-information library-extension library" , the widely Shared network of biobank of breast cancer specific disease cohort, and the establishment of strict standard setting and quality control standard to construct the standardized biobank. Results: This biobank provides a shared biobank resource for breast cancer risk assessment, prediction and early warning, early screening, classification, individualized treatment, efficacy and safety prediction and monitoring and other accurate prevention and treatment programs and clinical decision-making system research. Conclusion: The data of this biological sample bank is refined and complete, and the sample size of cases is sufficient, which can meet the research needs of medical big data, genomics, metabonomics, epigenetics and other fields.

[The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women: the methodology of population-based cohort and baseline characteristics]

Objective: Breast cancer has been the first cancer among women with the incidence increasing gradually. In September 2016, the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women (BCCS-CW) was initiated, aiming to establish a standardized and sharable breast cancer-specific cohort by integrating the existing cohort resource and improving the quality of follow-up. The BCCS-CW may provide a research basis and platform for the precision prevention and treatment of breast cancer in etiology identification, prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. Methods: We conducted a population-based perspective cohort by questionnaire interview, anthropometry, biological specimens, breast ultrasound and mammography. The cohort was followed by using regional health surveillance and ad hoc survey. Results: Finally, BCCS-CW included 112 118 women, in which 55 419 women completed the standardized investigation and blood specimens were collected from 54 304 women. The mean age of participants was 51.7 years old, 62.7% were overweight or obese, and 48.9% were menopausal. Conclusion: The BCCS-CW will provide population-based cohort resource and research platform for the precise prevention and treatment of breast cancer in Chinese women.

[Analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in human urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer method]

OBJECTIVE

To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer method for the rapid determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in human urines.

METHODS

8-OHdG standard solution with the concentration from 0.01 to 0.1 μg/ml was formulated. The solution was implanted into ion source with a rate of 7 μl/min, the mass-to-charge ratio of parent ion and product ions, and ion mass to charge ratio was identified. The mass spectrum parameters of each Ion pairs, such as DP, EP and EXP, were gradually optimized. The urine sample with a concentration of 10.0 μg/L was detected, and the pH of the sample was adjusted using 1 mol/L ammonium formate and formic acid solution with a volume ratio of 5∶1, 4∶1, 3∶1, 2∶1, and 1∶1. It was tested using three different polarity of SPE, i.e.: HLB, MCX, and MAX. The elution effect of methanol and water mixture with the proportion of 90∶10, 80∶20, 50: 50, 20: 80, and 10: 90 were tested, and then acetonitrile and water mixture with the proportion of 90∶10, 80∶20, 50∶50, 20∶80, 10∶90 were also tested. The standard curve was constructed using the ratio of a standard series application fluid concentration to corresponding compounds quantitative ion liquid concentration of the peak area. The detection limit was determined as 3 times of the signal to noise ratio corresponding to the concentration of 8-OHdG, and the quantitative lower limit was determined as 10 times of the signal to noise ratio corresponding to the concentration of 8-OHdG. The blank urine spiked recovery method was used to evaluate the precision and recovery rate.

RESULTS

The mass to charge ratio of parent ion was 284.1 and the product ions was 168.1, 140.1, 123.0, and 112.0, respectively. The collision voltage of quantitative ion-pair 284.1/168.1 was 18 V, the 284.1/140.1 collision voltage was 42 V, the 284.1/123.0 collision voltage was 48 V, and the 284.1/112.0 collision voltage was 53 V. The recovery rate was the highest (87.9%-104.3%) when the pH of urine was adjusted by a 10 ml 1 mol/L ammonium formate solution, 2 ml of formic acid, 88 ml of water are mixed with the sample solution volume ratio of 1∶5, and then purified with 3 ml of methanol and 3 ml water activated HLB extraction column. Within 1.0-100.0 μg/L concentration range, 8-OHdG standard application solution test results showed a good linear relationship. The regression equation was y= 1.25x+0.74, and the correlation coefficient was r=0.999 5. The detection limit was 0.2 μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.7 μg/L. The method of recovery rate was in the range of 87.9% to 104.3%, the precision was in the range from 1.5% to 3.7% and inter-assay precision was in the range from 1.6% to 5.4%.

CONCLUSION

The method developed in this study had high sensitivity, good precision and accuracy, and a wide range of testing concentrations.

Polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering in ultrathin Ag nanodisks with high transmission

We demonstrate a TE/TM polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme employing ultrathin two-dimensional Ag nanodisks. These TE/TM polarization-independent subtractive color filters exhibit small feature sizes (below 200 nm) and high transmission up to 70% in the visible spectral region, superior to previously reported plasmonic color filters. Simulated optical transmission spectra and colors are in good agreement with experimental results. The color-filtering behaviors strongly depend on thickness and period of nanodisks. Underlying mechanisms are also discussed in detail.

PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF METADHERIN AND SENSIBILITY OF BREAST CANCER MDA-MB-231 CELLS TO TREATMENT BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFECTION

Breast cancer tends to have an increasing mortality, severely threatening the health of females. The invasion and metastasis of breast cancer are the leading causes of death. It has been reported that breast cancer is caused by the activation of a series of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of anti-oncogenes. In the present study, Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression level of metadherin before and after transfecting MDA-MB-231 cells to identify the effect, while the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to 1 mg/L doxorubicin and 8mg/L taxol was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The results demonstrated that mRNA and protein expression level of metadherin both improved after transfection. The inhibition effect of 1 mg/L doxorubicin and 8 mg/L taxol on breast cancer cells decreased after transfection. Detected by flow cytometry, the apoptosis rate of breast cancer cells was 39.68±0.42%, 20.64±0.55%, respectively, under the effect of 1 mg/L doxorubicin; while under the effect of 8 mg/L taxol, the rate was 24.89±0.41% and 13.8±0.63%, respectively. Thus the inhibition effects of 1 mg/L doxorubicin and 8mg/L taxol to breast cancer cells and their effects on apoptosis were different, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Based on the statistics on the expression level of metadherin after transfecting breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and the exploration of the sensitivity of the cells to treatment, the effect of metadherin on breast cancer MDA-MB-232 cells was proved.

Suppression of the Hanle effect in organic spintronic devices

We study carrier spin transport under a transverse magnetic field in organic structures. In organics, carriers are localized polarons and charge transport is via polaron hopping. Spin transport, however, can utilize the exchange coupling between localized polarons, which can be much faster than polaron hopping and rapidly increases with the carrier density. Consequently, a much stronger magnetic field is needed to modify spin polarization and observe the Hanle effect than estimated from the carrier mobility, which can help with the understanding of recent Hanle measurements in organic spin valves. The exchange-induced spin transport also greatly mitigates the conductivity mismatch between ferromagnets and organics, enabling spin injection into organics.

Spin-orbit coupling, spin relaxation, and spin diffusion in organic solids

We develop a systematic approach of quantifying spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and a rigorous theory of carrier spin relaxation caused by the SOC in disordered organic solids. The SOC mixes up and down spin in the polaron states and can be characterized by an admixture parameter γ2. This mixing effects spin flips as polarons hop from one molecule to another. The spin relaxation time is τ(sf) = R2/(16γ2 D), and the spin diffusion length is L(s) = R/4|γ|, where R is the mean polaron hopping distance and D the carrier diffusion constant. The SOC in tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) is particularly strong due to the orthogonal arrangement of the three ligands. The theory quantitatively explains the temperature-dependent spin diffusion in Alq3 from recent muon measurements.

Noninvasive electrical detection of electron spin dynamics at the N atom in N@C60

Endohedral N@C(60) contains an electron spin of S = 3/2 at the central N atom, which, shielded by the C(60) cage, has an extremely long spin relaxation time. The π-conjugated C(60) cage, when connected to electrodes, provides a highly conductive path for electron transport and enables a noninvasive electrical detection of dynamics of the central spin. Here we use the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function and establish a microscopic description of how spin dynamics, including resonance and relaxation, can manifest itself in the device conductance. We predict that magnetic electrodes can enhance the detectivity by orders of magnitude compared with nonmagnetic electrodes. It is shown that this electrical detection is more sensitive to the longitudinal spin component than the transverse one. Hence the transient spin nutation is particularly useful in determining spin decoherence time T(2) in such transport device structures. This theory can be used to describe recent experiments of electrically detected spin dynamics in C(60) and other systems.

Spatially correlated fluctuations and coherence dynamics in photosynthesis

Recent multicolor photon-echo experiments revealed a long-lasting quantum coherence between excitations on the donor and acceptor in photosynthetic systems. Identifying the origin of the quantum coherence is essential to fully understand photosynthesis. Here we present a generic model in which a strong intermolecular steric restoring force in densely packed pigment-protein complexes results in a spatial correlation in conformational (static) variations of chromophores, which in turn induces an effective coupling between high-frequency (dynamic) fluctuations in donor and acceptor. The spatially correlated static and dynamic fluctuations provide a favorable environment to maintain quantum coherence, which can consistently explain the photon-echo measurements.

Clustering of protein structures using hydrophobic free energy and solvent accessibility of proteins

The hydrophobic free energy and solvent accessibility of amino acids are used to study the relationship between the primary structure and structural classification of large proteins. A measure representation and a Z curve representation of protein sequences are proposed. Fractal analysis of the measure and Z curve representations of proteins and multifractal analysis of their hydrophobic free energy and solvent accessibility sequences indicate that the protein sequences possess correlations and multifractal scaling. The parameters from the fractal and multifractal analyses on these sequences are used to construct some parameter spaces. Each protein is represented by a point in these spaces. A method is proposed to distinguish and cluster proteins from the alpha, beta, alpha + beta, and alpha/beta structural classes in these parameter spaces. Fisher's linear discriminant algorithm is used to give a quantitative assessment of our clustering on the selected proteins. Numerical results indicate that the discriminant accuracies are satisfactory. In particular, they reach 94.12% and 88.89% in separating proteins from {alpha, alpha + beta, alpha/beta} proteins in a three-dimensional space.

Core−Shell Nanorods for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production

We propose core-shell InP-CdS and InP-ZnTe nanorods as photoelectrodes in the efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. On the basis of our systematic study using strain-dependent k.p theory, we find that in these heterostructures both energies and wave function distributions of electrons and holes can be favorably tailored to a considerable extent by exploiting the interplay between quantum confinement and strain. Consequently, these core-shell nanorods with proper dimensions (height, core radius, and shell thickness) can simultaneously satisfy all criteria for effective photoelectrodes in solar-based hydrogen production.

Phylogeny of Prokaryotes and Chloroplasts Revealed by a Simple Composition Approach on All Protein Sequences from Complete Genomes Without Sequence Alignment

The complete genomes of living organisms have provided much information on their phylogenetic relationships. Similarly, the complete genomes of chloroplasts have helped to resolve the evolution of this organelle in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In this paper we propose an alternative method of phylogenetic analysis using compositional statistics for all protein sequences from complete genomes. This new method is conceptually simpler than and computationally as fast as the one proposed by Qi et al. (2004b) and Chu et al. (2004). The same data sets used in Qi et al. (2004b) and Chu et al. (2004) are analyzed using the new method. Our distance-based phylogenic tree of the 109 prokaryotes and eukaryotes agrees with the biologists "tree of life" based on 16S rRNA comparison in a predominant majority of basic branching and most lower taxa. Our phylogenetic analysis also shows that the chloroplast genomes are separated to two major clades corresponding to chlorophytes s.l. and rhodophytes s.l. The interrelationships among the chloroplasts are largely in agreement with the current understanding on chloroplast evolution.

Very large magnetoresistance in lateral ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)as wires with nanoconstrictions

We have fabricated (Ga,Mn)As nanostructures in which domain walls can be pinned by sub-10 nm constrictions. Controlled by shape anisotropy, we can switch the regions on either side of the constriction to either parallel or antiparallel magnetization. All samples exhibit a positive magnetoresistance, consistent with domain-wall trapping. For metallic samples, we find a magnetoresistance up to 8%, which can be understood from spin accumulation. In samples where, due to depletion at the constriction, a tunnel barrier is formed, we observe a magnetoresistance of up to 2000%.

Recognition of an organism from fragments of its complete genome

This paper considers the problem of matching a fragment to an organism using its complete genome. Our method is based on the probability measure representation of a genome. We first demonstrate that these probability measures can be modeled as recurrent iterated function systems (RIFS) consisting of four contractive similarities. Our hypothesis is that the multifractal characteristics of the probability measure of a complete genome, as captured by the RIFS, is preserved in its reasonably long fragments. We compute the RIFS of fragments of various lengths and random starting points, and compare with that of the original sequence for recognition using the Euclidean distance. A demonstration on five randomly selected organisms supports the above hypothesis.

Measure representation and multifractal analysis of complete genomes

This paper introduces the notion of measure representation of DNA sequences. Spectral analysis and multifractal analysis are then performed on the measure representations of a large number of complete genomes. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the multifractal property of the measure representation and the classification of bacteria. From the measure representations and the values of the D(q) spectra and related C(q) curves, it is concluded that these complete genomes are not random sequences. In fact, spectral analyses performed indicate that these measure representations, considered as time series, exhibit strong long-range correlation. Here the long-range correlation is for the K-strings with dictionary ordering, and it is different from the base pair correlations introduced by other people. For substrings with length K=8, the D(q) spectra of all organisms studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth for the C(q) curves to be meaningful. With the decreasing value of K, the multifractality lessens. The C(q) curves of all bacteria resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point. But the "analogous" phase transitions of chromosomes of nonbacteria organisms are different. Apart from chromosome 1 of C. elegans, they exhibit the shape of double-peaked specific heat function. A classification of genomes of bacteria by assigning to each sequence a point in two-dimensional space (D(-1),D1) and in three-dimensional space (D(-1),D1,D(-2)) was given. Bacteria that are close phylogenetically are almost close in the spaces (D(-1),D1) and (D(-1),D1,D(-2)).

Variable range hopping and electrical conductivity along the DNA double helix

We present a model to describe electrical conductivity along the DNA double helix. In this model, DNA is considered as a one-dimensional disordered system, and electrons are transported via variable range hopping between localized states. Thermal structural fluctuations in DNA further localize electronic wave functions, giving rise to a temperature-dependent localization length. The model quantitatively explains the temperature dependence of the conductivity observed in the lambda phage DNA (lambda-DNA).

Correlation property of length sequences based on global structure of the complete genome

This paper considers three kinds of length sequences of the complete genome. Detrended fluctuation analysis, spectral analysis, and the mean distance spanned within time L are used to discuss the correlation property of these sequences. The values of the exponents from these methods of these three kinds of length sequences of bacteria indicate that the long-range correlations exist in most of these sequences. The correlations have a rich variety of behaviors including the presence of anti-correlations. Furthermore, using the exponent gamma, it is found that these correlations are all linear (gamma=1.0+/-0.03). It is also found that these sequences exhibit 1/f noise in some interval of frequency (f>1). The length of this interval of frequency depends on the length of the sequence. The shape of the periodogram in f>1 exhibits some periodicity. The period seems to depend on the length and the complexity of the length sequence.

Polarizability fluctuations in dielectric materials with quenched disorder

We study a model of dielectric response for spatially disordered materials. In this model the local polarizability alpha(r) is a quenched random variable. From a one-loop level renormalization-group analysis, we predict that with increasing length scale L, the dimensionless fluctuation strength alpha;sigma, where 1/alpha; and sigma(2) are the average and the variance of the distribution for 1/alpha(r), decays as 1/L(2) universally at large length scales. The interplay of the random polarizability and the long-range dipole-dipole interaction is discussed.

Molecular geometry fluctuation model for the mobility of conjugated polymers

We present a model to describe electrical transport in dense films of conjugated polymers. The essential physical features of the model are as follows: (i) thermal fluctuations in the molecular geometry of the polymer modify the energy levels of localized electronic states in the material, and (ii) the primary restoring force for these fluctuations is steric, which leads to spatial correlation in the energies of the localized electronic states. The model describes the electric field dependence of the mobility and explains the carrier density dependences of mobility observed in polymer diodes and field effect transistors.

Revision of the blocked N terminus of rat heart fatty acid-binding protein by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry

The primary structure of rat heart muscle fatty acid-binding protein was investigated by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. The protein was digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and the resulting peptides were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The masses of the protonated molecular ions (MH+) of the tryptic, chymotryptic, and S. aureus protease peptides were determined by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis using 20-500 pmol of material. From the tryptic digest, two peptides with MH+ 1036 and 861 were initially found that did not match the published primary sequence (Sacchettini, J. C., Meininger, T. A., Lowe, J. B., Gordon, J. I., and Banaszak, L. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5428-5430). The amino acid sequences of these two peptides were determined by a combination of mass spectrometry, B/E-linked scanning, and high performance tandem mass spectrometric techniques to be: (Formula: see text). These new data require that corrections be made to the previously published sequence, involving residues 1-4 and 51-52. The corrected amino sequence for rat m-FABP reveals greater homology with myelin P2, mouse adipocyte p422 protein, and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein than was previously demonstrated.