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Eissa HM, Allen CE, Kamdar K, Simko S, Dreyer Z, Steuber P, McClain KL, Guillerman RP, Bollard CM, Bollard CM. Pediatric Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse B-cell lymphoma: are surveillance scans required? Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 31:253-7. [PMID: 24087880 PMCID: PMC4133356 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2013.834400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes in pediatric B-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B NHL) have improved with intensive chemotherapy protocols, with long-term survival now over 80%. However, long-term adverse effects of therapy and poor outcomes for patients who relapse remain challenges. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential risks and benefits of routine relapse surveillance imaging after the completion of therapy. We reviewed 44 B NHL patients diagnosed and treated at Texas Children's Cancer Center in the period between 2000 to 2011. All cross-sectional diagnostic imaging examinations performed for disease assessment after completion of chemotherapy were reviewed and cumulative radiation dosage from these examinations and the frequency of relapse detection by these examinations were recorded. Only 3 patients of the 44 relapsed (6.8%), though none of the relapses were initially diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) or fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans. Median effective dose of ionizing radiation per patient was 40.3 mSv with an average of 49.1 mSv (range 0-276 mSv). This single-institution study highlights the low relapse rate in pediatric B-NHL with complete response at the end of therapy, the low sensitivity of early detection of relapse with surveillance CT or FDG-PET imaging, and the costs and potential increased risk of secondary malignancies from cumulative radiation exposure from surveillance imaging. We propose that routine surveillance CT or FDG-PET scans for these patients may not be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- HM Eissa
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - CE Allen
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - K Kamdar
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - S Simko
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Z Dreyer
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - P Steuber
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - KL McClain
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - RP Guillerman
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Rathore N, Eissa HM, Margolin JF, Liu H, Wu MF, Horton T, Kamdar K, Dreyer Z, Steuber P, Rabin KR, Redell M, Allen CE, McClain KL, Guillerman RP, Bollard CM. Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: are we over-scanning our patients? Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 29:415-23. [PMID: 22632168 PMCID: PMC3685486 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2012.684198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the favorable outcome of most pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), there is rising concern about risks of carcinogenesis from both diagnostic and therapeutic radiation exposure for patients treated on study protocols. Although previous studies have investigated radiation exposure during treatment, radiation from post-treatment surveillance imaging may also increase the likelihood of secondary malignancies. All diagnostic imaging examinations involving ionizing radiation exposure performed for surveillance following completion of therapy were recorded for 99 consecutive pediatric patients diagnosed with HL from 2000 to 2010. Cumulative radiation dosage from these examinations and the frequency of relapse detection by these examinations were recorded. In the first 2 years following completion of therapy, patients in remission received a median of 11 examinations (range 0-26). Only 13 of 99 patients relapsed, 11 within 5 months of treatment completion. No relapse was detected by 1- or 2-view chest radiographs (n = 38 and 296, respectively), abdomen/pelvis computed tomography (CT) scans (n = 211), or positron emission tomography (PET) scans alone (n = 11). However, 10/391 (2.6%) of chest CT scans, 4/364 (1.1%) of neck CT scans, and 3/47 (6.4%) of PET/CT scans detected relapsed disease. Thus, only 17 scans (1.3%) detected relapse in a total of 1358 scans. Mean radiation dosages were 31.97 mSv for Stage 1, 37.76 mSv for Stage 2, 48.08 mSv for Stage 3, and 51.35 mSv for Stage 4 HL. Approximately 1% of surveillance imaging examinations identified relapsed disease. Given the very low rate of relapse detection by surveillance imaging stipulated by current protocols for pediatric HL patients, the financial burden of the tests themselves, the high cure rate, and risks of second malignancy from ionizing radiation exposure, modification of the surveillance strategy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Rathore
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H. M. Eissa
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J. F. Margolin
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H. Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M. F. Wu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T. Horton
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K. Kamdar
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Z. Dreyer
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - P. Steuber
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K. R. Rabin
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M. Redell
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C. E. Allen
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K. L. McClain
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R. P. Guillerman
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C. M. Bollard
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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