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Werkhoven Z, Bravin A, Skutt-Kakaria K, Reimers P, Pallares LF, Ayroles J, de Bivort BL. The structure of behavioral variation within a genotype. eLife 2021; 10:64988. [PMID: 34664550 PMCID: PMC8526060 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual animals vary in their behaviors. This is true even when they share the same genotype and were reared in the same environment. Clusters of covarying behaviors constitute behavioral syndromes, and an individual’s position along such axes of covariation is a representation of their personality. Despite these conceptual frameworks, the structure of behavioral covariation within a genotype is essentially uncharacterized and its mechanistic origins unknown. Passing hundreds of inbred Drosophila individuals through an experimental pipeline that captured hundreds of behavioral measures, we found sparse but significant correlations among small sets of behaviors. Thus, the space of behavioral variation has many independent dimensions. Manipulating the physiology of the brain, and specific neural populations, altered specific correlations. We also observed that variation in gene expression can predict an individual’s position on some behavioral axes. This work represents the first steps in understanding the biological mechanisms determining the structure of behavioral variation within a genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Werkhoven
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Alyssa Bravin
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Kyobi Skutt-Kakaria
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Pablo Reimers
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States.,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Luisa F Pallares
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Julien Ayroles
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Benjamin L de Bivort
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, United States
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Xu C, Theisen E, Maloney R, Peng J, Santiago I, Yapp C, Werkhoven Z, Rumbaut E, Shum B, Tarnogorska D, Borycz J, Tan L, Courgeon M, Griffin T, Levin R, Meinertzhagen IA, de Bivort B, Drugowitsch J, Pecot MY. Control of Synaptic Specificity by Establishing a Relative Preference for Synaptic Partners. Neuron 2019; 103:865-877.e7. [PMID: 31300277 PMCID: PMC6728174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of neurons to identify correct synaptic partners is fundamental to the proper assembly and function of neural circuits. Relative to other steps in circuit formation such as axon guidance, our knowledge of how synaptic partner selection is regulated is severely limited. Drosophila Dpr and DIP immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) cell-surface proteins bind heterophilically and are expressed in a complementary manner between synaptic partners in the visual system. Here, we show that in the lamina, DIP mis-expression is sufficient to promote synapse formation with Dpr-expressing neurons and that disrupting DIP function results in ectopic synapse formation. These findings indicate that DIP proteins promote synapses to form between specific cell types and that in their absence, neurons synapse with alternative partners. We propose that neurons have the capacity to synapse with a broad range of cell types and that synaptic specificity is achieved by establishing a preference for specific partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Emma Theisen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Maloney
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Santiago
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Image and Data Analysis Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary Werkhoven
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elijah Rumbaut
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Shum
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorota Tarnogorska
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jolanta Borycz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, HHMI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maximilien Courgeon
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Tessa Griffin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raina Levin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian A Meinertzhagen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Benjamin de Bivort
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jan Drugowitsch
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Y Pecot
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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