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Sodhi NS, Dhillon B, Sandhu PS, Bhagat D, Gupta P, Kaur A, Sharma S, Khan ZS. Formulation of Functional Liquid Diets Under IDDSI Levels 0 to 2 for Dysphagia Patients: Physico-Chemical, Sensory, Antioxidant and Electromyographic Oral Processing Analyses. Dysphagia 2024:10.1007/s00455-024-10671-9. [PMID: 38381156 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-024-10671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Dysphagia is a significant health concern especially amongst the old age population. It is an ailment brought on by the weakening of the swallowing muscles. To reduce the risk of choking in dysphagia patients, the food is usually diluted to suit their swallowing ability. But dilution results in reducing the nutritional density of the foods thus causing undernutrition and malnutrition in patients. In this study, functional liquid diets were formulated under International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) levels 0-2. The developed diets were analysed for their proximate composition, colour, antioxidant and sensory properties. Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC) methods. The highest ABTS+ value was observed in pumpkin puree (level-2) i.e. 98.59%. Black carrot juice (level-1) showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP value viz. 88.43% and 689.33 µM TE/g, respectively. Electromyography (EMG) is an upcoming technique of food texture evaluation which provides real-time information about food oral processing. In this study, an EMG was conducted to measure the myoelectrical activity of human suprahyoid and masseter muscles by placing electrodes on the skin's surface during the oral processing of liquid. The EMG parameters correlated significantly with viscosity, ease of swallowing and IDDSI levels of the formulated diets. Hence EMG can be used as a tool for design and development of textured-modified diets for dysphagia patients. The sensory scores of formulated diets in this study were high indicating that these liquid diets may be incorporated into the diet plans of dysphagia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh Sodhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Bhavnita Dhillon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Deepak Bhagat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Zakir Showkat Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Khan ZS, Amir S, Sokač Cvetnić T, Jurinjak Tušek A, Benković M, Jurina T, Valinger D, Gajdoš Kljusurić J. Sustainable Isolation of Bioactive Compounds and Proteins from Plant-Based Food (and Byproducts). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2904. [PMID: 37631116 PMCID: PMC10458638 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based food produces significantly less greenhouse gases, and due to its wealth of bioactive components and/or plant-based protein, it becomes an alternative in a sustainable food system. However, the processing and production of products from plant sources creates byproducts, which can be waste or a source of useful substances that can be reused. The waste produced during the production and processing of food is essentially nutrient- and energy-rich, and it is recognized as an excellent source of secondary raw materials that could be repurposed in the process of manufacturing and preparing food, or as feed for livestock. This review offers an overview of the sources and techniques of the sustainable isolation of bioactive substances and proteins from various sources that might represent waste in the preparation or production of food of plant origin. The aim is to uncover novel approaches to use waste and byproducts from the process of making food to provide this waste food an additional benefit, not forgetting the expectations of the end user, the consumer. For the successful isolation of bioactive ingredients and proteins from food of plant origin, it is crucial to develop more eco-friendly and efficient extraction techniques with a low CO2 footprint while considering the economic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Showkat Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
- Department of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Saira Amir
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, C-II Johar Town, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Tea Sokač Cvetnić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva ul. 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva ul. 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Benković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva ul. 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jurina
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva ul. 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Valinger
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva ul. 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva ul. 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Khan ZS, Sodhi NS, Fayaz S, Wani SA, Bhat MS, Mishra HN, Bakshi RA, Dar BN, Dhillon B. Seabuckthorn seed protein concentrate: a novel seed protein; emulsifying properties as affected by ultrasonication and enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Showkat Khan
- Department of Food Technology, GNDU Amritsar Punjab India
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science & Technology Kashmir India
| | | | - Shemilah Fayaz
- Department of Food Technology, GNDU Amritsar Punjab India
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science & Technology Kashmir India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science & Technology Kashmir India
| | - Mohmad Sayeed Bhat
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India
| | - H. N. Mishra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Rayees Ahmad Bakshi
- Department of Food Technology, GNDU Amritsar Punjab India
- Department of Food Science & Technology University of Kashmir India
| | - B. N. Dar
- Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science & Technology Kashmir India
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Khan ZS, Sodhi NS, Dhillon B, Dar B, Bakshi RA, Shah SF. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), a novel seed protein concentrate: isolation and modification by high power ultrasound and characterization for its functional and structural properties. Food Measure 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Khan ZS, Ingale NB, Omanwar SK. Synthesis and thermoluminescence properties of rare earth-doped NaMgBO3 phosphor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:9295-9302. [PMID: 26178829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth (Dy(3+) and Sm(3+))-doped sodium magnesium borate (NaMgBO3) is synthesized by solution combustion synthesis method keeping their thermoluminescence properties in mind. The reaction produced very stable crystalline NaMgBO3:RE (RE = Dy(3+), Sm(3+)) phosphors. The phosphors are exposed to (60)Co gamma-ray radiations dose of varying rate from 5 to 25 Gy, and their TL characteristics with kinetic parameters are studied. NaMgBO3:Dy(3+) phosphor shows two peaks for lower doping concentration of Dy(3+) while it reduced to single peak for the higher concentrations of activator Dy(3+). NaMgBO3:Dy(3+) shows the major glow peak around 200 °C while NaMgBO3:Sm(3+) phosphors show two well-separated glow peaks at 200 and 332 °C respectively. The thermoluminescence intensity of these phosphors was compare with the commercially available TLD-100 (Harshaw) phosphor. The TL responses for gamma-ray radiations dose were found to be linear from 5 to 25 Gy for both phosphors while the fading in each case is calculated for the tenure of 45 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Khan
- Department of Physics, BS Patel College, Pimpalgaon kale, 443403, India.
| | - N B Ingale
- Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera, Amravati, 444701, India
| | - S K Omanwar
- Department of Physics, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, 444602, India
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Khan ZS, Vanapalli SA. Probing the mechanical properties of brain cancer cells using a microfluidic cell squeezer device. Biomicrofluidics 2013; 7:11806. [PMID: 24403988 PMCID: PMC3555914 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite being invasive within surrounding brain tissues and the central nervous system, little is known about the mechanical properties of brain tumor cells in comparison with benign cells. Here, we present the first measurements of the peak pressure drop due to the passage of benign and cancerous brain cells through confined microchannels in a "microfluidic cell squeezer" device, as well as the elongation, speed, and entry time of the cells in confined channels. We find that cancerous and benign brain cells cannot be differentiated based on speeds or elongation. We have found that the entry time into a narrow constriction is a more sensitive indicator of the differences between malignant and healthy glial cells than pressure drops. Importantly, we also find that brain tumor cells take a longer time to squeeze through a constriction and migrate more slowly than benign cells in two dimensional wound healing assays. Based on these observations, we arrive at the surprising conclusion that the prevailing notion of extraneural cancer cells being more mechanically compliant than benign cells may not apply to brain cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Khan
- Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - S A Vanapalli
- Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Rizvi RM, Khan ZS, Khan Z. Diagnosis and management of postpartum urinary retention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005; 91:71-2. [PMID: 16099462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Rizvi
- The Aga Khan University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pakistan.
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Rana IA, Khan ZS, Rizvi NS. Evaluation of blood catalase as a simple and quick index of protein quality. J PAK MED ASSOC 1982; 32:266-8. [PMID: 6820390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rana IA, Khan ZS, Rizvi NS. Nutritive value of some commercial weaning and supplementary foods. J PAK MED ASSOC 1982; 32:249-52. [PMID: 6818382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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