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Akmatov MK, Beisheeva NJ, Nurmatov AZ, Gulsunai SJ, Saikal KN, Derkenbaeva AA, Abdrahmanova ZO, Prokein J, Klopp N, Illig T, Kasymov OT, Nurmatov ZS, Pessler F. The Changing Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in a Post-Soviet Country-The Case of Kyrgyzstan. Pathogens 2023; 12:989. [PMID: 37623949 PMCID: PMC10459745 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, viral hepatitis has been a considerable public health problem in Central Asian countries, which may have worsened after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. However, up-to-date seroepidemiological studies are lacking. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to provide current estimates of the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in Kyrgyzstan, one of the economically least developed countries in the region. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 2018 in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek (n = 1075). Participants, children and adults, were recruited from an outpatient clinic. The data were collected during face-to-face interviews. A blood sample (6 mL) was collected from each participant and tested with ELISA for the presence of serological markers for five viral hepatitides (A, B, C, D, and E). Post-stratification weighing was performed to obtain nationally representative findings. The overwhelming majority of the study participants were positive for anti-HAV (estimated seroprevalence, 75.3%; 95% confidence interval, 72.5-77.9%). The weighted seroprevalence estimates of HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HDV were 2.2% (1.5-3.3%), 3.8% (2.8-5.1%), and 0.40% (0.15-1.01%), respectively. Anti-HEV seropositivity was 3.3% (2.4-4.5%). Of the 33 HBsAg-positive participants, five (15%) were anti-HDV-positive. Our study confirms that Kyrgyzstan remains a highly endemic country for hepatitis virus A and C infections. However, seroprevalences of HBV and HDV were lower than previously reported, and based on these data, the country could potentially be reclassified from high to (lower) intermediate endemicity. The observed anti-HEV seroprevalence resembles the low endemicity pattern characteristic of high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Akmatov
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Currently at Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nurgul J. Beisheeva
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Asylbek Z. Nurmatov
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Sattarova J. Gulsunai
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Kylychbekova N. Saikal
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Aisuluu A. Derkenbaeva
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Zamira O. Abdrahmanova
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Jana Prokein
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.); (N.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Norman Klopp
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.); (N.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.P.); (N.K.); (T.I.)
| | - Omor T. Kasymov
- Scientific and Production Centre for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Zuridin S. Nurmatov
- National Scientific and Practical Center for Control of Viral Infections, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan; (N.J.B.); (A.Z.N.); (S.J.G.); (K.N.S.); (A.A.D.); (Z.O.A.); (Z.S.N.)
| | - Frank Pessler
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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