1
|
Rosado-Quiñones AM, Colón-Lorenzo EE, Pala ZR, Bosch J, Kudyba K, Kudyba H, Leed SE, Roncal N, Baerga-Ortiz A, Roche-Lima A, Gerena Y, Fidock DA, Roth A, Vega-Rodríguez J, Serrano AE. Novel hydrazone compounds with broad-spectrum antiplasmodial activity and synergistic interactions with antimalarial drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0164323. [PMID: 38639491 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01643-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel antiplasmodial compounds with broad-spectrum activity against different stages of Plasmodium parasites is crucial to prevent malaria disease and parasite transmission. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial activity of seven novel hydrazone compounds (referred to as CB compounds: CB-27, CB-41, CB-50, CB-53, CB-58, CB-59, and CB-61) against multiple stages of Plasmodium parasites. All CB compounds inhibited blood stage proliferation of drug-resistant or sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum in the low micromolar to nanomolar range. Interestingly, CB-41 exhibited prophylactic activity against hypnozoites and liver schizonts in Plasmodium cynomolgi, a primate model for Plasmodium vivax. Four CB compounds (CB-27, CB-41, CB-53, and CB-61) inhibited P. falciparum oocyst formation in mosquitoes, and five CB compounds (CB-27, CB-41, CB-53, CB-58, and CB-61) hindered the in vitro development of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes. The CB compounds did not inhibit the activation of P. berghei female and male gametocytes in vitro. Isobologram assays demonstrated synergistic interactions between CB-61 and the FDA-approved antimalarial drugs, clindamycin and halofantrine. Testing of six CB compounds showed no inhibition of Plasmodium glutathione S-transferase as a putative target and no cytotoxicity in HepG2 liver cells. CB compounds are promising candidates for further development as antimalarial drugs against multidrug-resistant parasites, which could also prevent malaria transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M Rosado-Quiñones
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Emilee E Colón-Lorenzo
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jürgen Bosch
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- InterRayBio, LLC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karl Kudyba
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Kudyba
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan E Leed
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Norma Roncal
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Abel Baerga-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- RCMI Program, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Yamil Gerena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Vega-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Adelfa E Serrano
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ernest M, Rosa TFA, Pala ZR, Kudyba HM, Sweeney B, Reiss T, Pradel G, Vega-Rodríguez J. Plasmodium falciparum Gametes and Sporozoites Hijack Plasmin and Factor H To Evade Host Complement Killing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0449322. [PMID: 37191558 PMCID: PMC10269923 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04493-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites are the etiological agents of malaria, a disease responsible for over half a million deaths annually. Successful completion of the parasite's life cycle in the vertebrate host and transmission to a mosquito vector is contingent upon the ability of the parasite to evade the host's defenses. The extracellular stages of the parasite, including gametes and sporozoites, must evade complement attack in both the mammalian host and in the blood ingested by the mosquito vector. Here, we show that Plasmodium falciparum gametes and sporozoites acquire mammalian plasminogen and activate it into the serine protease plasmin to evade complement attack by degrading C3b. Complement-mediated permeabilization of gametes and sporozoites was higher in plasminogen-depleted plasma, suggesting that plasminogen is important for complement evasion. Plasmin also facilitates gamete exflagellation through complement evasion. Furthermore, supplementing serum with plasmin significantly increased parasite infectivity to mosquitoes and lowered the transmission-blocking activity of antibodies to Pfs230, a potent vaccine candidate currently in clinical trials. Finally, we show that human factor H, previously shown to facilitate complement evasion by gametes, also facilitates complement evasion by sporozoites. Plasmin and factor H simultaneously cooperate to enhance complement evasion by gametes and sporozoites. Taken together, our data show that Plasmodium falciparum gametes and sporozoites hijack the mammalian serine protease plasmin to evade complement attack by degrading C3b. Understanding of the mechanisms of complement evasion by the parasite is key to the development of novel effective therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Current approaches to control malaria are complicated by the development of antimalarial-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant vectors. Vaccines that block transmission to mosquitoes and humans are a plausible alternative to overcome these setbacks. To inform the development of efficacious vaccines, it is imperative to understand how the parasite interacts with the host immune response. In this report, we show that the parasite can co-opt host plasmin, a mammalian fibrinolytic protein to evade host complement attack. Our results highlight a potential mechanism that may reduce efficacy of potent vaccine candidates. Taken together, our results will inform future studies in developing novel antimalarial therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medard Ernest
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Thiago F. A. Rosa
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather M. Kudyba
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Brendan Sweeney
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Timo Reiss
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joel Vega-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pala ZR, Alves e Silva TL, Minai M, Crews B, Patino-Martinez E, Carmona-Rivera C, Valenzuela-Leon PC, Martin-Martin I, Flores-Garcia Y, Cachau RE, Srivastava N, Moore IN, Alves DA, Kaplan MJ, Fischer E, Calvo E, Vega-Rodriguez J. Anopheles salivary apyrase regulates blood meal hemostasis and drives malaria parasite transmission. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.22.541827. [PMID: 37292610 PMCID: PMC10245845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito salivary proteins play a crucial role in regulating hemostatic responses at the bite site during blood feeding. In this study, we investigate the function of Anopheles gambiae salivary apyrase (AgApyrase) in Plasmodium transmission. Our results demonstrate that salivary apyrase interacts with and activates tissue plasminogen activator, facilitating the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, a human protein previously shown to be required for Plasmodium transmission. Microscopy imaging shows that mosquitoes ingest a substantial amount of apyrase during blood feeding which reduces coagulation in the blood meal by enhancing fibrin degradation and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Supplementation of Plasmodium infected blood with apyrase significantly enhanced Plasmodium infection in the mosquito midgut. In contrast, AgApyrase immunization inhibited Plasmodium mosquito infection and sporozoite transmission. This study highlights a pivotal role for mosquito salivary apyrase for regulation of hemostasis in the mosquito blood meal and for Plasmodium transmission to mosquitoes and to the mammal host, underscoring the potential for new strategies to prevent malaria transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Benjamin Crews
- Microscopy Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Eduardo Patino-Martinez
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paola Carolina Valenzuela-Leon
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ines Martin-Martin
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Current address: Laboratory of Medical Entomology, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raul E. Cachau
- Integrated Data Science Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naman Srivastava
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ian N. Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Derron A. Alves
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fischer
- Microscopy Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Eric Calvo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Joel Vega-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pala ZR, Ernest M, Sweeney B, Jeong YJ, Pascini TV, E Silva TLA, Vega-Rodríguez J. Beyond cuts and scrapes: plasmin in malaria and other vector-borne diseases. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:147-159. [PMID: 34649773 PMCID: PMC8758534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium and other vector-borne pathogens have evolved mechanisms to hijack the mammalian fibrinolytic system to facilitate infection of the human host and the invertebrate vector. Plasmin, the effector protease of fibrinolysis, maintains homeostasis in the blood vasculature by degrading the fibrin that forms blood clots. Plasmin also degrades proteins from extracellular matrices, the complement system, and immunoglobulins. Here, we review some of the mechanisms by which vector-borne pathogens interact with components of the fibrinolytic system and co-opt its functions to facilitate transmission and infection in the host and the vector. Further, we discuss innovative strategies beyond conventional therapeutics that could be developed to target the interaction of vector-borne pathogens with the fibrinolytic proteins and prevent their transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Medard Ernest
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Brendan Sweeney
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Yeong Je Jeong
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Tales Vicari Pascini
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Thiago Luiz Alves E Silva
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Joel Vega-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852.,Correspondence: (J. Vega-Rodríguez)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alves E Silva TL, Radtke A, Balaban A, Pascini TV, Pala ZR, Roth A, Alvarenga PH, Jeong YJ, Olivas J, Ghosh AK, Bui H, Pybus BS, Sinnis P, Jacobs-Lorena M, Vega-Rodríguez J. The fibrinolytic system enables the onset of Plasmodium infection in the mosquito vector and the mammalian host. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/6/eabe3362. [PMID: 33547079 PMCID: PMC7864569 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites must migrate across proteinaceous matrices to infect the mosquito and vertebrate hosts. Plasmin, a mammalian serine protease, degrades extracellular matrix proteins allowing cell migration through tissues. We report that Plasmodium gametes recruit human plasminogen to their surface where it is processed into plasmin by corecruited plasminogen activators. Inhibition of plasminogen activation arrests parasite development early during sexual reproduction, before ookinete formation. We show that increased fibrinogen and fibrin in the blood bolus, which are natural substrates of plasmin, inversely correlate with parasite infectivity of the mosquito. Furthermore, we show that sporozoites, the parasite form transmitted by the mosquito to humans, also bind plasminogen and plasminogen activators on their surface, where plasminogen is activated into plasmin. Surface-bound plasmin promotes sporozoite transmission by facilitating parasite migration across the extracellular matrices of the dermis and of the liver. The fibrinolytic system is a potential target to hamper Plasmodium transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Luiz Alves E Silva
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea Radtke
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Amanda Balaban
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tales Vicari Pascini
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Patricia H Alvarenga
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Yeong Je Jeong
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Janet Olivas
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Anil K Ghosh
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hanhvy Bui
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brandon S Pybus
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Photini Sinnis
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Joel Vega-Rodríguez
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pala ZR, Saxena V, Saggu GS, Mani SK, Pareek RP, Kochar SK, Kochar DK, Garg S. Functional analysis of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (SUF pathway) from Plasmodium vivax clinical isolates. Exp Parasitol 2019; 198:53-62. [PMID: 30721667 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are critical metallo-cofactors required for cell function. Assembly of these cofactors is a carefully controlled process in cells to avoid toxicity from free iron and sulfide. In Plasmodium, two pathways for these Fe-S cluster biogenesis have been reported; ISC pathway in the mitochondria and SUF pathway functional in the apicoplast. Amongst these, SUF pathway is reported essential for the apicoplast maintenance and parasite survival. Many of its components have been studied from P. falciparum and P. berghei in recent years, still few queries remain to be addressed; one of them being the assembly and transfer of Fe-S clusters. In this study, using P. vivax clinical isolates, we have shown the in vitro interaction of SUF pathway proteins SufS and SufE responsible for sulfur mobilization in the apicoplast. The sulfur mobilized by the SufSE complex assembles on the scaffold protein PvSufA along with iron provided by the external source. Here, we demonstrate in vitro transfer of these labile Fe-S clusters from the scaffold protein on to an apo-protein, PvIspG (a protein involved in penultimate step of Isoprenoids biosynthesis pathway) in order to provide an insight into the interaction of different components for the biosynthesis and transfer of Fe-S clusters. Our analysis indicate that inspite of the presence of variations in pathway proteins, the overall pathway remains well conserved in the clinical isolates when compared to that reported in lab strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Gagandeep Singh Saggu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Satish Kailasam Mani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Kochar
- Department of Medicine, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhanpat Kumar Kochar
- Department of Medicine, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shilpi Garg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pala ZR, Saxena V, Saggu GS, Garg S. Recent Advances in the [Fe-S] Cluster Biogenesis (SUF) Pathway Functional in the Apicoplast of Plasmodium. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:800-809. [PMID: 30064903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are one of the most ancient, ubiquitous, structurally and functionally versatile natural biosynthetic prosthetic groups required by various proteins involved in important metabolic processes. Genome mining and localization studies in Plasmodium have shown two evolutionarily distinct biogenesis pathways: the ISC pathway in mitochondria and the SUF pathway in the apicoplast. In recent years, the myriad efforts made to elucidate the SUF pathway have deciphered the role of various proteins involved in the pathway and their importance for the parasite life cycle in both asexual and sexual stages. This review aims to discuss recent research in the apicoplast [Fe-S] biogenesis pathway from Plasmodium to enhance our current understanding of parasite biology with an overall aim to identify gaps to strengthen our fight against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh Saggu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergic and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shilpi Garg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pala ZR, Saxena V, Saggu GS, Yadav SK, Pareek R, Kochar SK, Kochar DK, Garg S. Structural and functional characterization of an iron–sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein-SufA from Plasmodium vivax. Gene 2016; 585:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|