Medical, pharmaceutical, and nutritional applications of 3D-printing technology in diabetes

AIMS

Despite numerous studies covering the various features of three-dimensional printing (3D printing) technology, and its applications in food science and disease treatment, no study has yet been conducted to investigate applying 3D printing in diabetes. Therefore, the present study centers on the utilization and impact of 3D printing technology in relation to the nutritional, pharmaceutical, and medicinal facets of diabetes management. It highlights the latest advancements, and challenges in this field.

METHODS

In this review, the articles focusing on the application and effect of 3D printing technology on medical, pharmaceutical, and nutritional aspects of diabetes management were collected from different databases.

RESULT

High precision of 3D printing in the placement of cells led to accurate anatomic control, and the possibility of bio-printing pancreas and β-cells. Transdermal drug delivery via 3D-printed microneedle (MN) patches was beneficial for the management of diabetes disease. 3D printing supported personalized medicine for Diabetes Mellitus (DM). For instance, it made it possible for pharmaceutical companies to manufacture unique doses of medications for every diabetic patient. Moreover, 3D printing allowed the food industry to produce high-fiber and sugar-free products for the individuals with DM.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, applying 3D printing technology for diabetes management is in its early stages, and needs to be matured and developed to be safely used for humans. However, its rapid progress in recent years showed a bright future for the treatment of diabetes.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478-1549

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Aschersonia mackerrasiae on whitefly, Cladosporium corticola on bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, Penicillium nudgee from soil under Melaleuca quinquenervia, Pseudocercospora blackwoodiae on leaf spot of Persoonia falcata, and Pseudocercospora dalyelliae on leaf spot of Senna alata. Bolivia, Aspicilia lutzoniana on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and Niesslia parviseta on the lower part and apothecial discs of Erioderma barbellatum on a twig. Brazil, Cyathus bonsai on decaying wood, Geastrum albofibrosum from moist soil with leaf litter, Laetiporus pratigiensis on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and Scytalidium synnematicum on dead twigs of unidentified plant. Bulgaria, Amanita abscondita on sandy soil in a plantation of Quercus suber. Canada, Penicillium acericola on dead bark of Acer saccharum, and Penicillium corticola on dead bark of Acer saccharum. China, Colletotrichum qingyuanense on fruit lesion of Capsicum annuum. Denmark, Helminthosphaeria leptospora on corticioid Neohypochnicium cremicolor. Ecuador (Galapagos), Phaeosphaeria scalesiae on Scalesia sp. Finland, Inocybe jacobssonii on calcareous soils in dry forests and park habitats. France, Cortinarius rufomyrrheus on sandy soil under Pinus pinaster, and Periconia neominutissima on leaves of Poaceae. India, Coprinopsis fragilis on decaying bark of logs, Filoboletus keralensis on unidentified woody substrate, Penicillium sankaranii from soil, Physisporinus tamilnaduensis on the trunk of Azadirachta indica, and Poronia nagaraholensis on elephant dung. Iran, Neosetophoma fici on infected leaves of Ficus elastica. Israel, Cnidariophoma eilatica (incl. Cnidariophoma gen. nov.) from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Lyophyllum obscurum on acidic soil. Namibia, Aureobasidium faidherbiae on dead leaf of Faidherbia albida, and Aureobasidium welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis. Netherlands, Gaeumannomycella caricigena on dead culms of Carex elongata, Houtenomyces caricicola (incl. Houtenomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Carex disticha, Neodacampia ulmea (incl. Neodacampia gen. nov.) on branch of Ulmus laevis, Niesslia phragmiticola on dead standing culms of Phragmites australis, Pseudopyricularia caricicola on culms of Carex disticha, and Rhodoveronaea nieuwwulvenica on dead bamboo sticks. Norway, Arrhenia similis half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grown path. Pakistan, Mallocybe ahmadii on soil. Poland, Beskidomyces laricis (incl. Beskidomyces gen. nov.) from resin of Larix decidua ssp. polonica, Lapidomyces epipinicola from sooty mould community on Pinus nigra, and Leptographium granulatum from a gallery of Dendroctonus micans on Picea abies. Portugal, Geoglossum azoricum on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with Cryptomeria japonica, and Lunasporangiospora lusitanica from a biofilm covering a biodeteriorated limestone wall. Qatar, Alternaria halotolerans from hypersaline sea water, and Alternaria qatarensis from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. South Africa, Alfaria thamnochorti on culm of Thamnochortus fraternus, Knufia aloeicola on Aloe gariepensis, Muriseptatomyces restionacearum (incl. Muriseptatomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Restionaceae, Neocladosporium arctotis on nest of cases of bag worm moths (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) on Arctotis auriculata, Neodevriesia scadoxi on leaves of Scadoxus puniceus, Paraloratospora schoenoplecti on stems of Schoenoplectus lacustris, Tulasnella epidendrea from the roots of Epidendrum × obrienianum, and Xenoidriella cinnamomi (incl. Xenoidriella gen. nov.) on leaf of Cinnamomum camphora. South Korea, Lemonniera fraxinea on decaying leaves of Fraxinus sp. from pond. Spain, Atheniella lauri on the bark of fallen trees of Laurus nobilis, Halocryptovalsa endophytica from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Salicornia patula, Inocybe amygdaliolens on soil in mixed forest, Inocybe pityusarum on calcareous soil in mixed forest, Inocybe roseobulbipes on acidic soils, Neonectria borealis from roots of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris, Sympoventuria eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., and Tuber conchae from soil. Sweden, Inocybe bidumensis on calcareous soil. Thailand, Cordyceps sandindaengensis on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil, Ophiocordyceps kuchinaraiensis on Coleoptera larva, buried in soil, and Samsoniella winandae on Lepidoptera pupa, buried in soil. Taiwan region (China), Neophaeosphaeria livistonae on dead leaf of Livistona rotundifolia. Türkiye, Melanogaster anatolicus on clay loamy soils. UK, Basingstokeomyces allii (incl. Basingstokeomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Allium schoenoprasum. Ukraine, Xenosphaeropsis corni on recently dead stem of Cornus alba. USA, Nothotrichosporon aquaticum (incl. Nothotrichosporon gen. nov.) from water, and Periconia philadelphiana from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Osieck ER, Shivas RG, et al. 2023. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478-1549. Persoonia 50: 158- 310. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.05.

[A tamponade complicating an acute eosinophilic pericarditis due to a myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic syndrome]

Cardiac involvement in eosinophilia is potentially fatal and requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment. We report here the case of a 71-year-old female patient with eosinophilia>10,000/mm(3) for 2 months due to a myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic syndrome, with a rapidly progressive exertional dyspnea explained by an important circumferential eosinophilic pericarditis. Due to a rapid evolution to a tamponade, an emergent surgical drainage was performed. Subsequent medical treatment combined high-dose corticosteroids (1mg/kg/day) with hydroxyurea and imatinib. The outcome was favourable with regression of the effusion, of the volume overload symptoms and decrease in eosinophilia.

Développement d’un dispositif de veille par short message service (SMS) pour la prévention de la récidive suicidaire. Protocole d’étude Suicide Intervention Assisted by Messages (SIAM)

Introduction

Le suicide et les conduites auto-agressives sont fréquents dans la population adulte. De précédentes études ont prouvé que le fait de maintenir le lien avec le sujet suicidant, par lettres ou cartes postales, après la prise en charge en aigu, réduit le risque de récidive. De plus, les études de faisabilité ont montré que l’intervention par SMS est acceptable pour les patients. L‘objectif principal de cette étude est de démontrer l’efficacité du dispositif de veille par SMS sur la réduction de la récidive suicidaire à 6 mois. Nous présenterons dans un premier temps l’étude de faisabilité puis l’étude multicentrique démarrée dans 8 CHU.

Matériel et méthode

Il s’agira d’un essai de supériorité, contrôlé, randomisé, multicentrique, d’une durée de 2 ans, et piloté par le CHRU de Brest. Les sujets seront des adultes ayant survécu à un passage à l’acte suicidaire, inclus après une prise en charge aux urgences ou une courte hospitalisation. Le recrutement s’étalera sur une période de 9 mois. Les SMS seront envoyés à j2, j7, j15, puis mensuellement. Ces messages se soucieront du bien-être du patient, et lui rappelleront les coordonnées d’urgence dont il dispose en cas de besoin. Les patients seront évalués à j0, puis à 6 et 13 mois. Le critère de jugement principal sera le nombre de patients récidivant à 6 mois, dans le groupe recevant les SMS et dans le groupe témoin (qui bénéficie de la prise en charge de référence). Les critères de jugement secondaires seront le nombre de patients récidivant à 13 mois, le nombre de tentatives de suicide à 6 et 13 mois, le nombre de décès par suicide à 6 et 13 mois, dans les deux groupes. Les idées suicidaires seront évaluées dans chaque groupe, à j0, à 6 mois, et à 13 mois. Enfin, les coûts médicaux et la satisfaction seront évalués à 13 mois.

Résultats attendus

La fréquence de récidive attendue à 6 mois dans le groupe témoin est de l’ordre de 18 %. Nous espérons la réduire à 9 % grâce au contact par SMS. Afin d’y parvenir, le nombre de sujets nécessaires a été évalué à 530, soit 265 dans chaque bras.

Discussion

Ce dispositif de veille par SMS s’appuie sur de précédentes interventions, aux résultats significatifs dans le domaine, et est facilement reproductible. Nous proposons d’évaluer son efficacité dans la réduction du risque de récidive suicidaire au sein d’une population d’adultes ayant fait un passage à l’acte.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B markers in pregnant women in Kenya

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate hepatitis B serological markers in pregnant women from various geographical sites in Kenya.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional observational study of women attending antenatal clinics.

SETTING

The Kenyatta National Hospital and eight hospitals from five provinces in Kenya.

SUBJECTS

All women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic over the period June 2001 to June 2002.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

For each pregnant woman age and gestation were documented. Hepatitis serological markers were evaluated.

RESULTS

A total of 2241 pregnant women were enrolled. Among them 205 women (9.3%) were positive for HbsAg and from these 18 (8.8%) were found to have HbeAg. Protective antibodies (anti-HbsAg) were detected in 669 (30.2%) of the women. There were notable significant regional differences for HbsAg rates.

CONCLUSIONS

These results confirm the presence of high disease carrier rate and the corresponding previously reported low level of HbeAg suggesting questionable low rate of perinatal transmission but high rate of horizontal transmission.