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Dib LV, Barbosa A, da Silva B, Pissinatti A, Moreira S, Tavares MC, Teixeira R, da Costa AL, Muniz JA, Junglos A, Hirano ZM, Amendoeira MR. Gastrointestinal Parasites Affecting Non-Human Primates That Are Kept Ex Situ and Their Handlers in Different Brazilian Institutions: Diagnosis and Analysis of Risk Factors. Pathogens 2023; 12:1410. [PMID: 38133294 PMCID: PMC10745941 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determining gastrointestinal parasites' frequency in non-human primates (NHPs) and handlers in different Brazilian institutions, and associate it with management information. METHODS Different institutions in São Paulo (A), Brasília (B), Rio de Janeiro (C), Pará (D) and Santa Catarina (E) were included in the study. Fecal samples were processed by using coproparasitological techniques; information about NHP handling and professionals' routine were collected through the use of questionnaires. RESULTS In total, 33.1% of 511 NHP samples were positive for parasites; the Entamoebidae Group and Strongyloides sp.-compatible eggs were the most detected protozoa and helminths, respectively. The Entamoebidae Group was mainly diagnosed in Alouatta from Institutions E and D, and was also the only parasite detected in handlers. Strongyloides-compatible eggs were mostly evident in fecal samples collected from Cebidae from Institutions B and D. Some risk factors associated with parasite infection were a high number of animals in the same enclosure and their use for research protocol purposes, whereas quarantine, a post-infection vacant period in enclosures and antiparasitic supply were categorized as protective factors against these agents' infection. CONCLUSIONS Parasites showing different transmission routes but concomitantly circulating in NHP institutions located in different Brazilian regions were identified in the current study, with an emphasis on those presenting zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Verdan Dib
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.B.); (M.R.A.)
- Medicine Faculty of Campos (FMC), Campos dos Goytacazes 28035-581, Brazil
| | - Alynne Barbosa
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.B.); (M.R.A.)
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil;
| | - Breno da Silva
- Department of Parasitology and Microbiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil;
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Guapimirim 25940-000, Brazil; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Moreira
- Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Guapimirim 25940-000, Brazil; (A.P.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Rodrigo Teixeira
- Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park (Zoo Sorocaba), Sorocaba 18020-268, Brazil; (R.T.); (A.L.d.C.)
- Wild Animals Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Paulista University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP-Botucatu), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - André Luíz da Costa
- Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park (Zoo Sorocaba), Sorocaba 18020-268, Brazil; (R.T.); (A.L.d.C.)
| | - José Augusto Muniz
- National Primate Center (CENP), Ananindeua 67033-009, Brazil; (J.A.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Amauri Junglos
- National Primate Center (CENP), Ananindeua 67033-009, Brazil; (J.A.M.); (A.J.)
| | | | - Maria Regina Amendoeira
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (A.B.); (M.R.A.)
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