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Juma MW, Birech Z, Mwenze NM, Ondieki AM, Maaza M, Mokhotjwa SD. Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of Trenbolone acetate dopant using silver nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5721. [PMID: 38459089 PMCID: PMC10923944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing as applicable in the detection of Trenbolone acetate dopant is demonstrated. We show that the LSPR of the Trenbolone acetate/silver nanoparticle (Tren Ac/AgNPs) complex is sensitive to changes in the adsorbent concentration. The results show an average redshift of + 18 nm in the LSPR peak with variations in intensity and broadening behavior of the LSPR band of the Tren Ac/AgNPs complex. AgNPs were synthesized using laser ablation in liquid (LAL) technique with water as the solvent. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used for absorbance measurements and particle size and morphology were monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aggregation behavior of the Tren Ac/AgNPs complex was monitored using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and the HOMO-LUMO orbitals of the optimized Trenbolone acetate structure were obtained using Density Function Theory (DFT). The molecule was optimized at the B3LYP level of theory using the 6-311 basis set carried out using the Gaussian 09 software package. The results showed that O2- is Trenbolone acetate's active site that would interact with Ag+ to form a complex that would influence the plasmon behavior. The results presented in this work demonstrate the feasibility of LSPR for anabolic androgenic steroid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Wabwile Juma
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa.
- NANOAFNET, iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation of South Africa, 1 Old Faure Road, Cape Town, 7129, Western Cape, South Africa.
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
- Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Zephania Birech
- Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy Mwikali Mwenze
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
- NANOAFNET, iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation of South Africa, 1 Old Faure Road, Cape Town, 7129, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Annah Moraa Ondieki
- Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Research Group, Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
- NANOAFNET, iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation of South Africa, 1 Old Faure Road, Cape Town, 7129, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Simon Dhlamini Mokhotjwa
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Ondieki AM, Birech Z, Kaduki KA, Mwangi PW, Mwenze NM, Juma M, Jeptoo C, Dlamini MS, Maaza M. Fabrication of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates using silver nanoparticles produced by laser ablation in liquids. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 296:122694. [PMID: 37030254 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This research describes the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates based on colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by laser ablation of silver granules in pure water that are inexpensive, easy to make, and chemically stable. Here, the effects of the laser power, pulse repetition frequency, and ablation duration on the Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of AgNPs solutions, were used to determine the optimal parameters. Also, the effects of the laser ablation time on both ablation efficiency and SERS enhancement were studied. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Raman spectrometer. The Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of AgNP solutions was centered at 404 nm confirming their synthesis and they were noted to be spherical with 34 nm in diameter. Using Raman spectroscopy, they had main bands centered at 196 cm-1 (O = Ag2/Ag-N stretching vibrations), 568 cm-1 (NH out of plane bending); 824 cm-1 (symmetric deformation of the NO2); 1060 cm-1 (NH out of plane bending); 1312 cm-1 (symmetric stretching of NO2); 1538 cm-1 (NH in-plane bending); and 2350 cm-1 (N2 vibrations). Their Raman spectral profiles remained constant within the first few days of storage at room temperature implying chemical stability. The Raman signals from blood were enhanced when mixed with AgNPs and this depended on colloidal AgNPs concentration. Using those generated by 12 h ablation time, an enhancement of 14.95 was achieved. Additionally, these substrates had an insignificant impact on the Raman profiles of samples of rat blood when mixed with them. The Raman peaks noted were attributed to CC stretching of glucose (932 cm-1); CC stretching of Tryptophan (1064 cm-1); CC stretching of β Carotene (1190 cm-1); CH2 wagging of proteins (1338 and 1410 cm-1); carbonyl stretch for proteins (1650 cm-1); CN vibrations for glycoproteins (2122 cm-1). These SERS substrates can be applied to areas such as forensics to distinguish between human and other animal blood, monitoring of the efficacy of drugs, disease diagnostics such as diabetes, and pathogen detection. All this can be achieved by comparing the Raman spectra of the biological samples mixed with the synthesized SERS substrates for different samples. Thus, the results on the use of inexpensive, simple-to-prepare Raman substrates have the possibility of making surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy available to laboratories with scarce resources in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah M Ondieki
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Kenneth A Kaduki
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter W Mwangi
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy M Mwenze
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA) South Africa, P.O Box 392 UNISA 0003, South Africa
| | - Moses Juma
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA) South Africa, P.O Box 392 UNISA 0003, South Africa
| | - Carolyne Jeptoo
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M S Dlamini
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA) South Africa, P.O Box 392 UNISA 0003, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA) South Africa, P.O Box 392 UNISA 0003, South Africa
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Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang H, Shang J, Li C, Naqvi SMZA, Birech Z, Hu J. Ultrasensitive detection of plant hormone abscisic acid-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy aptamer sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2757-2766. [PMID: 35141764 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), as the most common plant hormone in the growth of wheat, can greatly affect the yield when its levels deviate from normal. Therefore, highly sensitive and selective detection of this hormone is greatly needed. In this work, we developed an aptamer sensor based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and applied it for the high sensitivity detection of ABA. Biotin-modified ABA aptamer complement chains were modified on ferrosoferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4MNPs) and acted as capture probes, and sulfhydryl aptamer (SH-Apt)-modified silver-coated gold nanospheres (Au@Ag NPs) were used as signal probes. Through the recognition of the ABA aptamer and its complementary chains, an aptamer sensor based on SERS was constructed. As SERS internal standard molecules of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) were encapsulated between the gold core and silver shell of the signal probes; the constructed aptamer sensor generated a strong SERS signal of 4-MBA after magnetic separation. When there were ABA molecules in the detection system, with the preferential binding of ABA aptamer and ABA molecule, the signal probes were released from the capture probes, after magnetic separation, leading to a linear decrease in SERS intensity of 4-MBA. Thus, the detection response was linear over a logarithmic concentration range, with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.67 fM. In addition, the practical use of this assay method was demonstrated in ABA detection from fresh wheat leaves, with a relative error (RE) of 5.43-8.94% when compared with results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The low RE value proves that the aptamer sensor will be a promising method for ABA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Linze Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junjian Shang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Can Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaigham Abbas Naqvi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 30197, Kenya
| | - Jiandong Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, 45002, China.
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Su R, Wu J, Hu J, Ma L, Ahmed S, Zhang Y, Abdulraheem MI, Birech Z, Li L, Li C, Wei W. Minimalizing Non-point Source Pollution Using a Cooperative Ion-Selective Electrode System for Estimating Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:810214. [PMID: 35095982 PMCID: PMC8790048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.810214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate nitrogen ( NO 3 - -N) in the soil is one of the important nutrients for growing crops. During the period of precipitation or irrigation, an excessive NO 3 - -N readily causes its leaching or runoff from the soil surface to rivers due to inaccurate fertilization and water management, leading to non-point source pollution. In general, the measurement of the NO 3 - -N relies upon the laboratory-based absorbance, which is often time-consuming, therefore not suitable for the rapid measurements in the field directly. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) support the possibility of NO 3 - -N measurement by measuring the nitrate ( NO 3 - ) ions in soil quickly and accurately due to the high water solubility and mobility of NO 3 - ions. However, such a method suffers from a complicated calibration to remove the influences caused by both temperature and other ions in the measured solution, thus limiting field use. In this study, a kind of all-solid ISE system combined with a temperature sensor and a pH electrode is proposed to automatically measure the concentrations of the NO 3 - -N. In this study, a soil water content calibration function was established, which significantly reduces a relative error (RE) by 13.09%. The experimental results showed that the stabilization time of this electrode system was less than 15 s with a slope of -51.63 mV/decade in the linear range of 10-5-10-2.2 mol/L. Both the limit of detection of 0.5 ppm of the NO 3 - -N and a relative SD of less than 3% were obtained together with the recovery rate of 90-110%. Compared with the UV-Vis spectroscopy method, a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.9952 was obtained. The performances of this all-solid ISE system are satisfied for measuring the NO 3 - -N in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuzheng Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural Science Education, Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate, Nigeria
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Linze Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Li D, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Sun X, Zhang H, Wang S, Birech Z, Hu J. An efficient LSPR method to quantitatively detect dimethoate: Development, characterization and evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239632. [PMID: 32970749 PMCID: PMC7514021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern among consumers about pesticide contamination in fruits. Therefore, rapid, reliable, and consistent detection methods for OPPs, especially dimethoate, are crucially needed. The existing quantitative methods for detecting dimethoate are not suitable for rapid measuring system such as the dimethoate samples from two channels. Hence this paper examines the utilization of a dual-channel system for utilize the absorption variations of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) bands of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were investigate for detection of dimethoate. Under optimized conditions, the relationship between concentrations of dimethoate and absorbance ratios (A(520)/A(640)) was linearly found in the concentration range of 10–100 nM. Result from the experiment shows that both channels exhibit a linear correlation coefficient as high as 0.97 and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 5.5 nM. This LSPR detection system was characterized by testing the dimethoate in apple samples and the recovery rates were found to be in the range of 85.90% to 107.37%. The proposed dual-channel LSPR system for detecting dimethoate creating a new approach for detecting organophosphate insecticide in agricultural fields. It could lay the foundation for designing a high-throughput analysis of the insecticides using a wavelength division multiplexing switch (WDMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqian Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang S, Zhang H, Li W, Birech Z, Ma L, Li D, Li S, Wang L, Shang J, Hu J. A multi-channel localized surface plasmon resonance system for absorptiometric determination of abscisic acid by using gold nanoparticles functionalized with a polyadenine-tailed aptamer. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:20. [PMID: 31807965 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multi-channel localized surface plasmon resonance system is described for absorptiometric determination of abscisic acid (ABA). The system is making use of gold nanoparticles and consists of a broadband light source, a multi-channel alignment device, and a fiber spectrometer. The method is based on the specific interaction between an ABA-binding aptamer and ABA. This induces the growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with a polyadenine-tailed aptamer that act as optical probes. Different concentrations of ABA give rise to varied morphologies of grown AuNPs. This causes a change of absorption spectra which is recorded by the system. ABA can be quantified by measurement of the peak wavelength shifts of grown AuNPs. Under optimized conditions, this method shows a linear relationship in the 1 nM to 10 μM ABA concentration range. The detection limit is 0.51 nM. The sensitivity of the ABA assay is strongly improved compared to the method based on salt-induced AuNP aggregation. This is attributed to the use of a poly-A-tailed aptamer and the catalytic ability of AuNPs. In the actual application, the ABA concentration of ABA in fresh leaves of rice is measured with the maximum relative error of 8.03% in comparison with the ELISA method. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of an absorptiometric approach for determination of abscisic acid based on the growth of polyA-tailed aptamer-AuNPs probes and a multi-channel localized surface plasmon resonance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 30197, Kenya
| | - Liuzheng Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dongxian Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shixin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junjuan Shang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Birech Z, Mwangi PW, Bukachi F, Mandela KM. Application of Raman spectroscopy in type 2 diabetes screening in blood using leucine and isoleucine amino-acids as biomarkers and in comparative anti-diabetic drugs efficacy studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185130. [PMID: 28926628 PMCID: PMC5605051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an irreversible condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Currently, there are no predictive biomarkers for this disease and the existing ones such as hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose are used only when diabetes symptoms are noticed. The objective of this work was first to explore the potential of leucine and isoleucine amino acids as diabetes type 2 biomarkers using their Raman spectroscopic signatures. Secondly, we wanted to explore whether Raman spectroscopy can be applied in comparative efficacy studies between commercially available anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone and the locally used anti-diabetic herbal extract Momordica spinosa (Gilg.)Chiov. Sprague Dawley (SD) rat’s blood was used and were pipetted onto Raman substrates prepared from conductive silver paste smeared glass slides. Prominent Raman bands associated with glucose (926, 1302, 1125 cm−1), leucine (1106, 1248, 1302, 1395 cm−1) and isolecucine (1108, 1248, 1437 and 1585 cm−1) were observed. The Raman bands centered at 1125 cm−1, 1395 cm−1 and 1437 cm−1 associated respectively to glucose, leucine and isoleucine were chosen as biomarker Raman peaks for diabetes type 2. These Raman bands displayed decreased intensities in blood from diabetic SD rats administered antidiabetic drugs pioglitazone and herbal extract Momordica spinosa (Gilg.)Chiov. The intensity decrease indicated reduced concentration levels of the respective biomarker molecules: glucose (1125 cm−1), leucine (1395 cm−1) and isoleucine (1437 cm−1) in blood. The results displayed the power and potential of Raman spectroscopy in rapid (10 seconds) diabetes and pre-diabetes screening in blood (human or rat’s) with not only glucose acting as a biomarker but also leucine and isoleucine amino-acids where intensities of respectively assigned bands act as references. It also showed that using Raman spectroscopic signatures of the chosen biomarkers, the method can be an alternative for performing comparative efficacy studies between known and new anti-diabetic drugs. Reports on use of Raman spectroscopy in type 2 diabetes mellitus screening with Raman bands associated with leucine and isoleucine molecules acting as reference is rare in literature. The use of Raman spectroscopy in pre-diabetes screening of blood for changes in levels of leucine and isoleucine amino acids is particularly interesting as once elevated levels are noticed, necessary interventions to prevent diabetes development can be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: (ZB); (KMM)
| | - Peter Waweru Mwangi
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Bukachi
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Keith Makori Mandela
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: (ZB); (KMM)
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Otange BO, Birech Z, Okonda J, Rop R. Conductive silver paste smeared glass substrates for label-free Raman spectroscopic detection of HIV-1 and HIV-1 p24 antigen in blood plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3253-3259. [PMID: 28255920 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on application of conductive silver paste smeared glass slides as Raman spectroscopy sample substrates for label-free detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen in blood plasma. We also show that the same substrates can be applied in Raman spectroscopic screening of blood plasma for presence of HIV. The characteristic Raman spectrum of HIV-1 p24 antigen displayed prominent bands that were assigned to ribonucleic acids (RNA) and proteins that constitute the antigen. This spectrum can be used as reference during Raman spectroscopic screening for HIV in plasma within the first few days after exposure (<7 days). The Raman spectra obtained from HIV+ plasma displayed unique peaks centered at wavenumbers 928, 990, 1270, 1397, and 1446 cm-1 attributed to the Raman active vibrations in the virion carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Other bands similar to those reported in literature were also seen and assignments made. The attachment of the HIV virions to silver nanoparticles via gp120 glycoprotein knobs was thought to be responsible for the enhanced Raman signals of proteins associated with the virus. The principal component analysis (PCA) applied on the combined spectral data showed that HIV- and HIV+ spectra had differing spectral patterns. This indicated the great power of Raman spectroscopy in HIV detection when plasma samples are deposited onto silver paste smeared glass substrates. The Raman peaks responsible for the segregation of the spectral data in PCA were mainly those assigned to the viral proteins (645, 725, 813, 1270, and 1658 cm-1). Excellent results were obtained from Artificial Neural Network (ANN) applied on the HIV+ Raman spectral data around the prominent peak centered at 1270 cm-1 with R (coefficient of correlation) and R 2 (coefficient of determination) values of 0.9958 and 0.9895, respectively. The method has the potential of being used as quick blood screening for HIV before blood transfusion with the Raman peaks assigned to the virion proteins acting as reference. Graphical Abstract The HIV type 1 virus particle gets attached to the silver nanoparticle contained in the conductive silver paste smear onto a glass slide. This results in strong Raman signals associated with the components of the virion. The signals are collected, dispersed in a spectrometer and displayed on a computer screen. Method can be used as a label-free and rapid HIV screening in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben O Otange
- Department of Physics, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
| | - Zephania Birech
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Justus Okonda
- Department of Physics, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Ronald Rop
- Department of Physics, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
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Abstract
Ultrafast exciton dynamics in free standing 200 nm thin tetracene single crystals were studied at room temperature by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible spectral range. The complex spectrally overlapping transient absorption traces of single crystals were systematically deconvoluted. From this, the ultrafast dynamics of the ground, excited, and transition states were identified including singlet exciton fission into two triplet excitons. Fission is generated through both, direct fission of higher singlet states S(n) on a sub-picosecond timescale, and thermally activated fission of the singlet exciton S1 on a 40 ps timescale. The high energy Davydov component of the S1 exciton is proposed to undergo fission on a sub-picoseconds timescale. At high density of triplet excitons their mutual annihilation (triplet-triplet annihilation) occurs on a <10 ps timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zephania Birech
- Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Markus Schwoerer
- Department of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Teresa Schmeiler
- Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, University of Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Schwoerer
- Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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