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Wang YJ, Gu ZH, Wu XP, Fang ZY, Wang TH, Gao S, Yang X, Shen XY, Zhou TY, Zhang Q, Li JX, Cao F. [Clinical value of arterial stiffness assessment on risk prediction of vascular stiffness in the octogenarian elderly]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:1069-1074. [PMID: 37859359 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230530-00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze clinical factors related to arterial stiffening and establish a risk prediction nomogram of arterial stiffening in the octogenarian(≥80 years). Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, which enrolled the octogenarian elderly who underwent physical examination and secondary prevention intervention in the outpatient department of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from April 2022 to August 2022. Clinical data including demographics, biochemical indicators and medical history were collected. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was detected during the clinical visit. Participants were divided into the control group (baPWV≤1 800 cm/s) and vascular sclerosis group (baPWV>1 800 cm/s). The risk factors of arterial stiffness were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram model was constructed by R programming language. The predictive effect of the nomogram model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The median age of the 525 participants was 87.0 (82.0, 92.0) years, 504 (96.0%) were male, 82 in the control group, 443 in the vascular sclerosis group. The baPWV, age, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the control group than those in the vascular sclerosis group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and amylase were protective factors, and alkaline phosphatase and creatinine were risk factors of arterial stiffening (all P<0.05). The combined nomogram model scores including age, mean arterial pressure and the above five laboratory indicators indicated that mean arterial pressure and serum creatinine levels were strongly correlated with vascular sclerosis. The ROC curve suggested that the nomogram model had good prediction ability. Conclusions: Age, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and creatinine are independently determinants for increased vascular stiffness. The combined prediction model in this study can provide reference for individualized clinical risk prediction of vascular sclerosis in the octogenarian elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Z H Gu
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X P Wu
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - T H Wang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S Gao
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Yang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Y Shen
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - T Y Zhou
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - J X Li
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - F Cao
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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Wang J, Wang XC, Gu ZH, Ren GW, Zhao XH, Qu XK, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. A novel GJA5 variant associated with increased risk of essential hypertension. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:1259-1270. [PMID: 36915790 PMCID: PMC10006783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gap junction protein alpha 5 (GJA5), also termed connexin 40 (Cx40), exerts a pivotal role in the mediation of vascular wall tone and two closely-linked polymorphisms in the GJA5 promoter (-44G>A and +71A>G) have been associated with enhanced susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH) in men. The present investigation aimed to ascertain whether a novel common polymorphism within the upstream regulatory region of GJA5 (transcript 1B), -26A>G (rs10465885), confers an increased risk of EH. METHODS For this investigation, 380 unrelated patients with EH and 396 unrelated normotensive individuals employed as control persons were enrolled from the Chinese Han-ethnicity population, and their GJA5 genotypes and plasma renin concentrations were determined by Sanger sequencing and an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay, respectively. The functional effect of the GJA5 variant was explored in cultured murine cardiomyocytes by dual-light reporter gene analysis. RESULTS The GJA5 variant conferred a significantly increased risk for EH (OR: 2.156; 95% CL: 1.661-2.797, P < 0.0001), and significantly increased plasma renin levels were measured in patients with EH in comparison with control individuals (46.3±7.2 vs 37.4±6.9, P < 0.0001). A promoter-luciferase analysis revealed significantly diminished activity of the promoter harboring the minor allele for this variation in comparison with its wild-type counterpart (165.67±16.85 vs 61.53±8.67, P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the novel variant upstream of the GJA5 gene (-26A>G) confers a significantly increased vulnerability of EH in humans, suggesting potential clinical implications for precisive prophylaxis and treatment of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhao-Hua Gu
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center Pudong New District, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Guang-Wei Ren
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center Pudong New District, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200240, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200240, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200240, China
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Fu Y, Zhang YL, Li LY, Yang N, Ran ZL, Gu ZH. [Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for subretinal fluid after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021; 57:426-432. [PMID: 34098691 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201225-00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify factors associated with persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) after scleral buckling and to evaluate surgical outcomes of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: Cross-sectional study and cohort study. This study included 104 patients (104 eyes) who underwent scleral buckling for repair of RRD between January 2016 and June 2017. Several statistically significant risk factors associated with SRF were screened out with univariate analysis. Then independent risk factors were determined with multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. Examinations were taken preoperatively, at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and thereafter every six months. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of persistent SRF on optical coherence tomography at 1 month. Results: Persistent SRF occurred in 69.2% (72/104) of patients. In multivariate analysis, younger age (OR=32.860, 95%CI=3.636-296.986, P=0.002), high myopia (OR=7.229, 95%CI=1.217-42.94, P=0.03) and macula-involving retinal detachment (OR=357.397, 95%CI=29.761-4292.0, P=0.000) were associated with persistent SRF. Best corrected visual acuity in patients with SRF at 1 month (0.71±0.18 vs. 0.58±0.11; t=4.047, P<0.01) and 3 months (0.55±0.15 vs. 0.43±0.12; t=3.914, P<0.01) was worse than that in patients with absence of SRF. Best corrected visual acuity in patients with SRF was 0.44±0.16 at 6 months, 0.37±0.12 at 12 months and 0.36±0.10 at the last follow-up, with no significant difference from patients without SRF at the three time points (0.39±0.13, 0.38±0.12 and 0.35±0.09; t=1.643, -0.202, 0.464; P>0.05). Conclusions: RRD patients with younger age, high myopia and macular involvement were more likely to develop persistent SRF after scleral buckling. The presence of persistent SRF slowed visual recovery but did not influence the final visual outcomes. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 426-432).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - L Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - N Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Z L Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Z H Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
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Song W, Li DY, Yuan HC, Gu ZH, Shao JL, Wang X. [Relationship between interleukin-8 levels in expressed prostatic secretion and expressions of bFGF and Bcl-2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:104-107. [PMID: 26792691 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between interleukin-8 levels in expressed prostatic secretion and expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and Bcl-2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS A series of 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with BPH and scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were included. Patients were divided into two groups, simple BPH and BPH with chronic prostatitis (CP). The grade of inflammatory changes in the prostate was then determined blindly by two experienced pathologists, according to the classification system. Expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) was collected right before TURP for IL-8 detection using ELISA kits. The resected prostatic tissue was harvested for immunohistochemistry to measure the expression of Bcl-2 and bFGF. RESULTS A total of 30 (60%) patients were confirmed to have prostatic histologic inflammation. The volume of the prostate in BPH with CP was obviously larger than that in simple BPH (P=0.022). The NIH chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) of BPH with CP were both higher than those of simple BPH (P<0.05). Significantly increased levels of IL-8 were observed in EPS obtained from BPH patients with CP (mean level, 43.29 ng/L), compared with patients with simple BPH (mean level, 36.90 ng/L) (P=0.003). The expression of Bcl-2 in BPH with CP (mean level, 6.17) increased significantly, compared with those in simple BPH (mean level, 2.45) (P=0.013). The expression of bFGF in BPH with CP (mean level, 7.57) also obviously elevated, compared with those in simple BPH (mean level, 5.05) (P=0.008). Correlation coefficients of IL-8 levels in EPS and expression of Bcl-2 or bFGF indicated that IL-8 had strong correlation with Bcl-2 and bFGF respectively both in simple BPH and BPH with CP (0<R<1, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-8, Bcl-2 and bFGF are significantly up-regulated in BPH with CP patients, compared with simple BPH patients. Inflammation might play an important role in the outcome and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and makes it more severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Baoshan Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - D Y Li
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Li YJ, Huang Y, Ding Q, Gu ZH, Pan XL. Evaluation of concentrations of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of hemifacial spasm: a randomized double-blind crossover trial. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:1136-44. [PMID: 25730053 DOI: 10.4238/2015.february.6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two concentrations of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for the treatment of hemifacial spasm. We randomly divided 20 patients with hemifacial spasm into high- and low-concentration groups; they were administered 50 and 25 U/mL BTX-A injection, respectively. Further, we compared the curative effects and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups. Our results showed that both the concentrations of BTX-A were effective and no significant difference was observed in the onset time and therapeutic efficacy between the two groups; however, the duration of efficacy was longer in the high-concentration group than in the low-concentration group. Patients in both groups had no allergic reactions and systemic toxic reactions, but those in the high-concentration group had more serious adverse reactions and they lasted for longer durations. The adverse reactions in the two groups were not specifically treated, and they resolved in a relatively short time. In conclusion, local injection of BTX-A was effective in treating hemifacial spasm and each concentration of BTX-A had advantages and disadvantages, which indicated that the concentration of BTX-A can be selected according to the clinical characteristics and willingness of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Li
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Q Ding
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z H Gu
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X L Pan
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Gu ZH, Peng GD. Enhanced backscattering from organic laser gain media bounded with rough gold films. Appl Opt 2001; 40:4236-4242. [PMID: 18360461 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.004236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced backscattering from organic laser gain media that are bounded with one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) rough metal films was investigated. We prepared several organic optical gain materials by doping laser-active dyes in matrices of acrylic polymers. These materials produced efficient and broadband fluorescence emission in the visible wavelengths during the pumping of a pulsed YAG or cw argon laser. These gain materials were sliced and coupled with 1-D or 2-D randomly rough gold films with large slopes. An experimental investigation was carried out with a He-Ne laser as the scattering source and the optical gain provided by a cw argon laser. The enhanced backscattering and the satellite peaks located about the enhanced-backscattering peak were obviously amplified, with their widths narrowed. These experimental results agree well with previous theoretical predictions.
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Li YP, Zhou ZH, Pei YY, Zhang XY, Gu ZH, Yuan WF. PEGylated polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles as salvicine carriers: synthesis, preparation, and in vitro characterization. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:645-50. [PMID: 11749831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To synthesized poly(methoxypolyethyleneglycol cyanoacrylate-co-n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate) (PEGylated PHDCA) with polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mr = 5000), prepare PEGylated PHDCA and poly(n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate) (PHDCA) nanoparticles loading salvicine and determine their in vitro characterizations. METHODS The structure of PEGylated PHDCA was determined with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Its molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion/solvent evaporation method. RESULTS 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR were consistent with structure of PEGylated PHDCA, whose average molecular weight is 6680. Entrapment efficiency could be determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method without endogenous interference at the retention time of salvicine. The entrapment efficiency was 92.6 % for PEGylated PHDCA nanoparticles and 98.9 % for PHDCA nanoparticles. The nanoparticles size was about 250 nm. The values of the zeta potential were obviously influenced by the composition of the copolymer. Compared with PHDCA nanoparticles (-23.1 mV), PEGylated PHDCA nanoparticles showed a low surface potential (-9.6 mV). Salvicine release from nanoparticles showed an initial burst effect, then a plateau for an extended period, and finally sustained release phase. CONCLUSION These results showed that the PEGylated PHDCA nanoparticles could be an effective carrier for salvicine delivery in the respect of anti-tumor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Li YP, Pei YY, Ding J, Shen ZM, Zhang XY, Gu ZH, Zhou JJ. PEGylated recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha: preparation and anti-tumor potency. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:549-55. [PMID: 11747763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the merits of polyethylene glycol-modified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (PEG-rHuTNF-alpha). METHODS The rHuTNF-alpha was modified with N-succinimidyl succinate monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (SS-PEG) of three different molecular weights. The PEG-rHuTNF-alpha was separated into fractions of various molecular weights by gel filtration chromatography. In vitro activities of various fractions were determined with L929 cell assay and in vivo anti-tumor potencies of main fractions were studied with respect to necrosis of S-180 solid tumor. RESULTS The rHuTNF-alpha could be modified using SS-PEG under mild conditions. The main fraction of PEG5000-rHuTNF-alpha contained four PEG molecules, and PEG12000-rHuTNF-alpha and PEG20000-rHuTNF-alpha contained two PEG molecules, respectively. There was a higher activity when rHuTNF-alpha was coupled to less numbers of the same molecular weight PEG molecules. When PEG-rHuTNF-alpha was of the same molecular weight, rHuTNF-alpha modified with bigger molecular weight PEG molecules had a higher activity. PEG-rHuTNF-alpha was resistant to proteolysis, and over 70 % activity remained after 8 h, but the activity of rHuTNF-alpha was time-dependently diminished by incubation with bovine trypsin. PEG5000-rHuTNF-alpha (1500 IU per mouse) had a similar anti-tumor potency compared with rHuTNF-alpha (3000 IU per mouse). PEG12000-rHuT NF-alpha (1500 IU per mouse) had an increased anti-tumor potency compared with rHuTNF-alpha (3000 IU per mouse). In particular, PEG20000-rHuTNF-alpha at a dose of 1500 IU per mouse had a higher anti-tumor potency than rHuTNF-alpha at a dose of 6000 IU per mouse. CONCLUSION PEG-modified rHuTNF-alpha could be more suitable for therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Li YP, Pei YY, Zhou ZH, Zhang XY, Gu ZH, Ding J, Zhou JJ, Gao XJ, Zhu JH. Stealth polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles as tumor necrosis factor-alpha carriers: pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor effects. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:662-5. [PMID: 11411555 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and in vivo anti-tumor effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) encapsulated in poly(methoxypolyethyleneglycol cyanoacrylate-co-n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate) (PEG-PHDCA) nanoparticles. Our experimental results showed that PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles could extend the half-life of rHuTNF-alpha to 7.42 h and obviously change the protein biodistribution in tissues, and in particular, increase accumulation of rHuTNF-alpha in tumor. Compared with PHDCA nanoparticles and free rHuTNF-alpha, PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles loaded with rHuTNF-alpha showed higher antitumor potency at the same dose, which might be related to its higher accumulation in tumor tissues and longer plasma circulation time. Therefore, PEG-PHDCA nanoparticles could be an effective carrier for rHuTNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li YP, Pei YY, Zhou ZH, Zhang XY, Gu ZH, Ding J, Gao XJ, Zhu JH. PEGylated recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha: pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor effects. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:666-70. [PMID: 11411556 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate and assess the merit of PEGylated recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) following our previous work. The rHuTNF-alpha was modified using activated polyethylene glycol (PEG), N-succinimidyl succinnate monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (SS-PEG). The pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor effect were investigated. The experimental results showed that PEGylated rHuTNF-alpha could obviously alter in vivo behavioral characteristics of rHuTNF-alpha. Among the synthesized PEG-rHuTNF-alphas with different PEG molecules, PEG20000-rHuTNF-alpha demonstrated the longest circulating half-life (24.8 h) which was about 50 times longer than that of rHuTNF-alpha (28.8 min). In addition, there was much more PEG20000-rHuTNF-alpha distributed into tumor tissues than other PEG-rHuTNF-alphas or rHuTNF-alpha with time, and PEG20000-rHuTNF-alpha also showed the highest anti-tumor potency. These results indicated that PEG20000-rHuTNF-alpha was a useful long circulating molecule with selective localization in tumor tissues and enhanced anti-tumor activity of rHuTNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Lin ZQ, Gu ZH. Angular spectrum redistribution from a real image of a light as a secondary source. Opt Lett 2001; 26:663-665. [PMID: 18040412 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Coherence theory predicts that the correlation in the fluctuations of a source distribution can cause frequency shifts in the spectrum of the emitted radiation, even when the source is at rest relative to the observer. Recently we measured angular spectrum redistribution, or frequency shifts from a real image of a point source, and further verified the coherent interference effect of a finite-band source.
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Li YP, Pei YY, Zhou ZH, Zhang XY, Gu ZH, Ding J, Zhou JJ, Gao XJ. PEGylated polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles as tumor necrosis factor-alpha carriers. J Control Release 2001; 71:287-96. [PMID: 11295221 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find an effective carrier for recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha). The influence of solvent systems containing poly(methoxy-polyethyleneglycol cyanoacrylate-co-n-hexadecyl cyanoacrylate) (PEGylated PHDCA) on the biological activity of rHuTNF-alpha was investigated. The PEGylated PHDCA nanoparticles loading rHuTNF-alpha were prepared with the double emulsion method. The influence of main experimental factors on the entrapment efficiency was evaluated by the Uniform Design. The physicochemical characteristics and in vitro release of rHuTNF-alpha from the nanoparticles were determined. The results showed that serum albumin such as human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) could play a protective action on rHuTNF-alpha in the preparation process. At > or =2.0% (w/v) HSA concentration, more than 85% of rHuTNF-alpha activity remained and the role of HSA was not affected by copolymer concentrations from 0.5 to 3.0% (w/v). The entrapment efficiency of the nanoparticles was about 60% and the nanoparticle size was about 150 nm. The nanoparticles were spherical in shape and uniform with the value of the zeta potential about -9 mV. The rHuTNF-alpha release from the nanoparticle showed an initial burst and then continued in a sustained fashion. The results showed that the PEGylated PHDCA nanoparticles could be an effective carrier for rHuTNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Abstract
Experimental results are presented for the angular correlation function of far-field speckle patterns scattered in the double passage of waves through a one-dimensional random-phase screen. The theoretical analysis of the symmetry of speckle patterns around the backscattering direction and the motion of the speckle as the source is moved, made by Escamilla et al. [Appl. Opt. 32, 2734 (1993)], are verified in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Gu
- Surface Optics Corporation, 11555 Rancho Bernardo Road, San Diego, California 92127, USA.
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14
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Gu ZH, Peng GD. Amplification of enhanced backscattering from a dye-doped polymer bounded by a rough surface. Opt Lett 2000; 25:375-377. [PMID: 18059884 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental study of the enhanced backscattering from a random rough surface through a laser dye-doped polymer. The sample is a slice of pyrromethene-doped polymer coupled with a two-dimensional rough gold layer with a large slope. When the sample is illuminated with an s-polarized He-Ne laser and pumped by a cw argon-ion laser, amplified backscattering is observed. The enhanced backscattering peak increases sharply and its width narrows for a sample with low dielectric constant |?(2)|.
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Gu ZH. Detection of a small defect on a rough surface. Opt Lett 1998; 23:494-496. [PMID: 18084554 DOI: 10.1364/ol.23.000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental results that show that the far-field correlation function is sensitive to a small local change in rough-surface geometry, where the speckle spatial correlation rather than the sample ensemble average is adopted. The angular cross-correlation function of the far-field speckles scattered by one-dimensional random rough surfaces is measured when a polarized beam of light is incident upon the rough surface from vacuum, where one part of the surface used is a thin dielectric film deposited upon a glass substrate and the other part is identical to the first except for a localized defect. We envisage application of this sensitivity property to inspection of a sample with a defect by means of speckle mapping.
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Lu JQ, Gu ZH. Angular correlation function of speckle patterns scattered from a one-dimensional rough dielectric film on a glass substrate. Appl Opt 1997; 36:4562-4570. [PMID: 18259251 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.004562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental results of the angular correlation function of far-field speckle patterns scattered by a one-dimensionally random rough surface of a thin dielectric film on a glass substrate when a polarized beam of light is incident upon the rough surface from vacuum. This surface, which separates the vacuum and the dielectric, is rough enough that only diffused speckles are observed. The experiment for the correlation measurement was set up to make use of a CCD camera to obtain the image of the speckle pattern in the specular direction for each given angle of incidence; the cross-correlation function is then calculated from the digitized images. It is found that the intensity correlation functions exhibit two distinct maxima: one arises from the autocorrelation and the other from the reciprocity condition. It is also found that different scattering processes give rise to quite different correlation functions: multiple-scattering processes produce narrow peaks with secondary maxima and single-scattering processes produce relatively broad peaks.
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Gu ZH, Lu JQ, Maradudin AA, Martinez A. Enhanced backscattering from a free-standing dielectric film. Appl Opt 1995; 34:3529-3534. [PMID: 21052168 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been known theoretically for a few years that not only a rough metallic surface but also a rough dielectric surface can produce an enhanced backscattering peak. Because of difficulty in the fabrication of one- or two-dimensional rough dielectric surfaces with a high index of refraction, no experiments to date have been able to reveal such a peak in scattering from a rough dielectric surface. We present experimental results showing enhanced backscattering from a free-standing dielectric film and compare them with the results of numerical simulations of such scattering. The vacuum-dielectric interface is a one-dimensional, randomly rough surface, and the dielectric-vacuum interface is approximately planar.The results of the numerical simulations of scattering from a one-dimensional, randomly rough free-standing dielectric film are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data, and it is believed that the main mechanism responsible for the enhanced backscattering peak is the reflection from the flat dielectric-vacuum interface. The coherent addition of a given light path that interacts with the rough dielectric surface at two different points because of its partial reflection from the back surface and its time-reversed partner leads to an enhancement of the intensity of scattering in the retroreflection direction with respect to the intensity of scattering in other directions.
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Gu ZH, Lu JQ, Martinez A, Mendez ER, Maradudin AA. Enhanced backscattering from a one-dimensional rough dielectric film on a glass substrate. Opt Lett 1994; 19:604-606. [PMID: 19844386 DOI: 10.1364/ol.19.000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have observed the enhanced backscattering of light from a characterized dielectric film deposited upon a glass substrate when the light illuminates the rough surface from the vacuum. The vacuum-dielectric interface is one dimensional, randomly rough, while the dielectric-glass interface is approximately planar. Numerical and experimental studies reveal that the main mechanism responsible for the enhanced backscattering is the constructive interference between two waves that follow reciprocal scattering paths through the dielectric film, which is also strengthened by the multiple scattering from the rough vacuum-dielectric interface.
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Gu ZH, Lu JQ, Maradudin AA, Martinez A, Mendez ER. Coherence in the single and multiple scattering of light from randomly rough surfaces. Appl Opt 1993; 32:2852-2859. [PMID: 20820451 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the most interesting phenomena associated with the scattering of light from a randomly rough surface is that of enhanced backscattering. This is the presence of a well-defined peak in the retroreflection direction in the angular distribution of an incoherent component of mean scattered intensity of the light scattered from such a surface that is primarily due to the coherent interference of each multiply reflected optical path with its time-reversed partner. It is an example of a broader class of multiple-scattering phenomena that goes under the name of weak localization. Not all manifestations of weak localization in the interaction of light with a randomly rough surface are in backscattering. It was recently shown that the average diffuse intensity from randomly rough surfaces with even symmetry can be enhanced or reduced in the specular direction because of the constructive interference between correlated pairs of scatters. We present a recent theoretical analysis and experimental results that cover four kinds of enhancement: enhanced backscattering, enhanced transmission, enhanced specular, and enhanced refraction for one-dimensional and two-dimensional surfaces. These are manifestations of coherent effects that remain after ensemble averaging.
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Gu ZH, Escamilla HM, Méndez ER, Maradudin AA, Lu JQ, Michel T, Nieto-Vesperinas M. Interaction of two optical beams at a symmetric random surface. Appl Opt 1992; 31:5878-5889. [PMID: 20733781 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.005878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
<p>Recently it was shown that the incoherent part of light scattered from random surfaces with even profiles displays a well-defined peak in the specular direction. This effect has been termed specular enhancement.</p><p>Here we present an experimental and theoretical study of the scattering of two coherent optical beams from a symmetric random surface. It is found that, in addition to the two sharp peaks corresponding to the enhancements in the specular directions, there is a third peak that is due to the interaction of the two optical beams at the surface.</p>
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Méndez ER, Ponce MA, Ruiz-Cortés V, Gu ZH. Photofabrication of one-dimensional rough surfaces for light-scattering experiments. Appl Opt 1991; 30:4103-4112. [PMID: 20706509 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.004103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An optical method of fabricating randomly rough one-dimensional surfaces is described. The variations in the surface profile are produced by exposing photoresist-coated plates to a narrow line of light and scanning them under computer control. A theoretical analysis of the basic statistical properties of the fabricated surfaces is presented. These surfaces are in general non-Gaussian, but their statistics can be easily calculated, making them attractive for experimental and theoretical work. Several such surfaces have been fabricated and characterized with a stylus profilometer. The estimated statistical properties are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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Abstract
The enhanced-transmission effect, manifested as a narrow peak in the angular distribution of the intensity of diffuse scattered light in the antispecular direction, was experimentally investigated by passage of a p-polarized laser beam through a metal film deposited upon a glass substrate. The peak is the analog of enhanced backscattering in the reflection of light from a randomly rough-metal surface. A fully automated, bidirectional reflectometer was used to measure the enhanced transmission of surfaces coated with gold and silver under illumination by a He-Ne laser. The experimental results are compared with those obtained recently by a perturbation theory of the localization of surface polaritons.
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Méndez ER, Ponce MA, Ruiz-Cortés V, Gu ZH. Coherent effects in the scattering of light from random surfaces with symmetry: erratum. Opt Lett 1991; 16:693. [PMID: 19774041 DOI: 10.1364/ol.16.000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Gu ZH, Dummer RS. Small angle bidirectional reflectance distribution function. Appl Opt 1990; 29:4176-4181. [PMID: 20577360 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.004176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Small angle scattering in and near the specular direction has recently been measured with a monostatic laser interferometric reflectometer for a laser beam incident normal to the surface. Employing the Ricean statistics of the amplitude distribution for coherent glint with an additive scattered component of speckles, the scattered portion has been partitioned from the total reflected signal at 1.06 and 10.6 mum. Such measurements are basic to surface metrology and useful in assessing the performance of mirrors used in lasers and astronomical telescopes.
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Gu ZH, Dummer RS, Maradudin AA, McGurn AR. Experimental study of the opposition effect in the scattering of light from a randomly rough metal surface. Appl Opt 1989; 28:537-543. [PMID: 20548516 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The opposition effect manifested as a narrow peak in the angular distribution of the intensity of diffusely scattered light in the backward (antispecular or retroreflection) direction has been experimentally investigated. A monostatic bidirectional laser reflectometer was used to measure the opposition effect of copper and gold surfaces under illumination at 0.6328 microm. The results are compared with a recent theory of the elastic scattering of light from a randomly rough metal surface that predicts such a peak in the retroreflectance direction, which, in certain conditions, can be related to the localization of surface polaritons.
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Abstract
The feasibility of classification of stochastic images for color vision in real time has been investigated with two approaches. First, a hybrid incoherent optical correlator based on a quasi-monochromatic cathode ray tube (CRT) is sequentially operated on red, green, and blue channels for statistical pattern recognition. Second, a color TV monitor is employed in the incoherent optical correlator to achieve spectral-spatial statistical pattern recognition in parallel in real time. The spectral-spatial statistical pattern recognition filter is designed with the least-squares linear mapping technique and is compensated for the smearing effects due to the finite spectral bandwidth of the light from CRTs. The experimental results provided demonstrate better recognition reliability when the spectral-spatial filters are used than when only spatial filters are employed.
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Zhang XH, Gu ZH. [The use of a fiber-optic laryngoscope with a flexible stylet for difficult trachea intubation]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi 1987; 3:97-9, 156. [PMID: 3151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Gu ZH, An G, Liu KY, Liu YL, Zhang XH, Deng XM. [Controlled hypotensive anesthesia in cleft palate surgery]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 7:344-8. [PMID: 2938755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Shang TY, Meng H, Gu ZH, Hua ZX. The mechanism of muscular internal dynamic force in the treatment of femoral shaft fracture by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1985; 5:195-200. [PMID: 3853650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gu ZH. [Experience in the anesthetic management of 1,046 cases of cleft lip operation]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi 1985; 1:185-7. [PMID: 3939848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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