1
|
Burger WAC, Pham V, Vuckovic Z, Powers AS, Mobbs JI, Laloudakis Y, Glukhova A, Wootten D, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Paul SM, Felder CC, Danev R, Dror RO, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Thal DM. Xanomeline displays concomitant orthosteric and allosteric binding modes at the M 4 mAChR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5440. [PMID: 37673901 PMCID: PMC10482975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) has emerged as a drug target of high therapeutic interest due to its expression in regions of the brain involved in the regulation of psychosis, cognition, and addiction. The mAChR agonist, xanomeline, has provided significant improvement in the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores in a Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Here we report the active state cryo-EM structure of xanomeline bound to the human M4 mAChR in complex with the heterotrimeric Gi1 transducer protein. Unexpectedly, two molecules of xanomeline were found to concomitantly bind to the monomeric M4 mAChR, with one molecule bound in the orthosteric (acetylcholine-binding) site and a second molecule in an extracellular vestibular allosteric site. Molecular dynamic simulations supports the structural findings, and pharmacological validation confirmed that xanomeline acts as a dual orthosteric and allosteric ligand at the human M4 mAChR. These findings provide a basis for further understanding xanomeline's complex pharmacology and highlight the myriad of ways through which clinically relevant ligands can bind to and regulate GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alexander S Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jesse I Mobbs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yianni Laloudakis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- The Advanced Research Centre (ARC), Centre for Translational Science, School of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ron O Dror
- Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vuckovic Z, Wang J, Pham V, Mobbs JI, Belousoff MJ, Bhattarai A, Burger WAC, Thompson G, Yeasmin M, Nawaratne V, Leach K, van der Westhuizen ET, Khajehali E, Liang YL, Glukhova A, Wootten D, Lindsley CW, Tobin A, Sexton P, Danev R, Valant C, Miao Y, Christopoulos A, Thal DM. Pharmacological hallmarks of allostery at the M4 muscarinic receptor elucidated through structure and dynamics. eLife 2023; 12:83477. [PMID: 37248726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a major paradigm in drug discovery. Despite decades of research, a molecular-level understanding of the general principles that govern the myriad pharmacological effects exerted by GPCR allosteric modulators remains limited. The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) is a validated and clinically relevant allosteric drug target for several major psychiatric and cognitive disorders. In this study, we rigorously quantified the affinity, efficacy, and magnitude of modulation of two different positive allosteric modulators, LY2033298 (LY298) and VU0467154 (VU154), combined with the endogenous agonist acetylcholine (ACh) or the high-affinity agonist iperoxo (Ipx), at the human M4 mAChR. By determining the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the M4 mAChR, bound to a cognate Gi1 protein and in complex with ACh, Ipx, LY298-Ipx, and VU154-Ipx, and applying molecular dynamics simulations, we determine key molecular mechanisms underlying allosteric pharmacology. In addition to delineating the contribution of spatially distinct binding sites on observed pharmacology, our findings also revealed a vital role for orthosteric and allosteric ligand-receptor-transducer complex stability, mediated by conformational dynamics between these sites, in the ultimate determination of affinity, efficacy, cooperativity, probe dependence, and species variability. There results provide a holistic framework for further GPCR mechanistic studies and can aid in the discovery and design of future allosteric drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jinan Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jesse I Mobbs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Apurba Bhattarai
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Yeasmin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vindhya Nawaratne
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Emma T van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Andrew Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Advanced Research Centre (ARC), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burger WAC, Gentry PR, Berizzi AE, Vuckovic Z, van der Westhuizen ET, Thompson G, Yeasmin M, Lindsley CW, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Tobin AB, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Thal DM. Identification of a Novel Allosteric Site at the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3112-3123. [PMID: 34351123 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has emerged as an exciting therapeutic target for the treatment of addiction and behavioral disorders. This has been in part due to promising preclinical studies with the M5 mAChR selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM), ML375. The binding site of ML375 remains unknown, however, making it difficult to develop improved M5 mAChR selective modulators. To determine the possible location of the ML375 binding site, we used radioligand binding and functional assays to show that ML375 does not interact with the well-characterized "common" mAChR allosteric site located in the receptor's extracellular vestibule, nor a previously proposed second allosteric site recognized by the modulator, amiodarone. Molecular docking was used to predict potential allosteric sites within the transmembrane (TM) domain of the M5 mAChR. These predicted sites were assessed using M5-M2 mAChR receptor chimeras and further targeted with site-directed mutagenesis, which enabled the identification of a putative binding site for ML375 at the interface of TMs 2-4. Collectively, these results identify a third allosteric site at the M5 mAChR and highlight the ability of allosteric modulators to selectively target highly conserved proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wessel A. C. Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick R. Gentry
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alice E. Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Emma T. van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Yeasmin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M. Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile membrane proteins involved in the regulation of many physiological processes and pathological conditions, making them interesting pharmacological targets. In order to study their structure and function, GPCRs are traditionally extracted from membranes using detergents. However, due to their hydrophobic nature, intrinsic instability in aqueous solutions, and their denaturing effects, the isolation of properly folded and functional GPCRs is not trivial. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to solubilize receptors under mild conditions and control the sample quality subsequently. Here we describe widely used methods for small-scale GPCR solubilization, followed by quality control based on fluorescence size-exclusion chromatography, SDS-PAGE, temperature-induced protein unfolding (CPM dye binding) and fluorescent ligand binding assay. These methods can easily be used to assess the thermostability and functionality of a GPCR sample exposed to different conditions, such as the use of various detergents, addition of lipids and ligands, making them valuable for obtaining an optimal sample quality for structural and functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Miljus
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Sykes
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clare R Harwood
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mayer D, Damberger FF, Samarasimhareddy M, Feldmueller M, Vuckovic Z, Flock T, Bauer B, Mutt E, Zosel F, Allain FHT, Standfuss J, Schertler GFX, Deupi X, Sommer ME, Hurevich M, Friedler A, Veprintsev DB. Distinct G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation motifs modulate arrestin affinity and activation and global conformation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1261. [PMID: 30890705 PMCID: PMC6424980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions of arrestins are determined in part by the pattern of phosphorylation on the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to which arrestins bind. Despite high-resolution structural data of arrestins bound to phosphorylated receptor C-termini, the functional role of each phosphorylation site remains obscure. Here, we employ a library of synthetic phosphopeptide analogues of the GPCR rhodopsin C-terminus and determine the ability of these peptides to bind and activate arrestins using a variety of biochemical and biophysical methods. We further characterize how these peptides modulate the conformation of arrestin-1 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Our results indicate different functional classes of phosphorylation sites: 'key sites' required for arrestin binding and activation, an 'inhibitory site' that abrogates arrestin binding, and 'modulator sites' that influence the global conformation of arrestin. These functional motifs allow a better understanding of how different GPCR phosphorylation patterns might control how arrestin functions in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mayer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, 92093-0636, California, USA.
| | | | | | - Miki Feldmueller
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tilman Flock
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, CB3 0DG, UK
| | - Brian Bauer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Eshita Mutt
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jörg Standfuss
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard F X Schertler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- Condensed Matter Theory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martha E Sommer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Friedler
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gavriilidou AFM, Hunziker H, Mayer D, Vuckovic Z, Veprintsev DB, Zenobi R. Insights into the Basal Activity and Activation Mechanism of the β1 Adrenergic Receptor Using Native Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:529-537. [PMID: 30511235 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of orthosteric ligands, most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist in an equilibrium of different conformational states. This equilibrium is shifted by an agonist towards the active state or by an inverse agonist towards the inactive state. The basal activity of the receptor, and its ability to activate intracellular signaling pathways, is defined by the probability that a fraction of the receptor adopts the active state in the absence of ligand. Despite breakthroughs in native MS of membrane proteins, GPCR-transducing complexes have not been studied by this approach until very recently. Here, we investigated different conformational states of the turkey β1 adrenergic receptor (tβ1AR) in complex with two transducing partners: a G protein mimicking nanobody, Nb80, and an engineered truncated Gs protein (miniGs), in the presence of the full agonist isoprenaline by native MS. Interestingly, complex formation with both transducing partners was also observed in the absence of agonist, and allowed us to quantify basal activity of tβ1AR. We followed the stepwise disassembly of the transducing complexes by increasing the concentration of the inverse agonist S32212 in the presence of a constant concentration of isoprenaline. This allowed us to determine the relative binding affinity of S32212 in comparison to isoprenaline by native MS. Our approach provides a fast and sensitive way to detect complexes, study their stability in the presence of different ligands, and determine relative ligand affinities. Native mass spectrometry thus has the potential to become a useful tool to screen for orthosteric and allosteric GPCR drugs. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agni F M Gavriilidou
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- OMass Technologies Ltd The Schrodinger Building, Heatly Road, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Hanna Hunziker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mayer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thal DM, Vuckovic Z, Draper-Joyce CJ, Liang YL, Glukhova A, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM. Recent advances in the determination of G protein-coupled receptor structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 51:28-34. [PMID: 29547818 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of cell surface receptor proteins and are important drug targets for many human diseases. In the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the determination of atomic structures of GPCRs with over 200 structures from 53 unique receptors having been solved. Technological advances in protein engineering and X-ray crystallography have driven much of the progress to date. However, recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have facilitated the structural determination of three new structures of active-state GPCRs in complex with heterotrimeric G protein. These advances have led to significant breakthroughs in our understanding of GPCR biology including not only how signal transducers such as G proteins or arrestins interact with receptors, but also pave the way for future structure-based drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bisciotti GN, Di Marzo F, Auci A, Parra F, Cassaghi G, Corsini A, Petrera M, Volpi P, Vuckovic Z, Panascì M, Zini R. Cam morphology and inguinal pathologies: is there a possible connection? J Orthop Traumatol 2017; 18:439-450. [PMID: 28921307 PMCID: PMC5685988 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-017-0470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To analyse the prevalences of the cam and pincer morphologies in a cohort of patients with groin pain syndrome caused by inguinal pathologies. Materials and methods Forty-four patients (40 men and 4 women) who suffered from groin pain syndrome were enrolled in the study. All the patients were radiographically and clinically evaluated following a standardised protocol established by the First Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference on Terminology, Clinical Evaluation and Imaging Assessment in Groin Pain in Athlete. Subsequently, all of the subjects underwent a laparoscopic repair of the posterior inguinal wall. Results The study demonstrated an association between the cam morphology and inguinal pathologies in 88.6% of the cases (39 subjects). This relationship may be explained by noting that the cam morphology leads to biomechanical stress at the posterior inguinal wall level. Conclusions Athletic subjects who present the cam morphology may be considered a population at risk of developing inguinal pathologies. Level of evidence Level IV, Observational cross-sectional study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G N Bisciotti
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - F Di Marzo
- Ospedale Unico della Versilia, Asl Nordovest, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
| | - A Auci
- UOS angiografia e radiologia interventistica, Ospedale delle Apuane, Massa-Carrara, Italy
| | - F Parra
- Centro Studi Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli and La Spezia, Italy
| | - G Cassaghi
- Centro Studi Kinemove Rehabilitation Centers, Pontremoli and La Spezia, Italy
| | - A Corsini
- FC Internazionale Medical Staff, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Petrera
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P Volpi
- FC Internazionale Medical Staff, Milan, Italy.,Department of Knee Orthopaedic and Sport and Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Z Vuckovic
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Panascì
- Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy-GVM Care and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - R Zini
- Maria Cecilia Hospital-GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bisciotti GN, Volpi P, Zini R, Auci A, Aprato A, Belli A, Bellistri G, Benelli P, Bona S, Bonaiuti D, Carimati G, Canata GL, Cassaghi G, Cerulli S, Delle Rose G, Di Benedetto P, Di Marzo F, Di Pietto F, Felicioni L, Ferrario L, Foglia A, Galli M, Gervasi E, Gia L, Giammattei C, Guglielmi A, Marioni A, Moretti B, Niccolai R, Orgiani N, Pantalone A, Parra F, Quaglia A, Respizzi F, Ricciotti L, Pereira Ruiz MT, Russo A, Sebastiani E, Tancredi G, Tosi F, Vuckovic Z. Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference on terminology, clinical evaluation and imaging assessment in groin pain in athlete. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000142. [PMID: 28890800 PMCID: PMC5566259 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nomenclature and the lack of consensus of clinical evaluation and imaging assessment in groin pain generate significant confusion in this field. The Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference has been organised in order to prepare a consensus document regarding taxonomy, clinical evaluation and imaging assessment for groin pain. A 1-day Consensus Conference was organised on 5 February 2016, in Milan (Italy). 41 Italian experts with different backgrounds participated in the discussion. A consensus document previously drafted was discussed, eventually modified, and finally approved by all members of the Consensus Conference. Unanimous consensus was reached concerning: (1) taxonomy (2) clinical evaluation and (3) imaging assessment. The synthesis of these 3 points is included in this paper. The Groin Pain Syndrome Italian Consensus Conference reached a consensus on three main points concerning the groin pain syndrome assessment, in an attempt to clarify this challenging medical problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G N Bisciotti
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Volpi
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,FC Internazionale, Milan, Italy
| | - R Zini
- Azienda Ospedaliera "Ospedale San Salvatore", Pesaro, Italy
| | - A Auci
- Kinemove Rehabilitation Center, Pontremoli, La Spezia, Italy
| | | | - A Belli
- FC Internazionale, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - S Bona
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - D Bonaiuti
- Fisioclinic Centro Medico Polispecialistico, Pesaro, Italy
| | - G Carimati
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - G Cassaghi
- Kinemove Rehabilitation Center, Pontremoli, La Spezia, Italy
| | - S Cerulli
- Institute of Sports Medicine of Turin, Italy
| | - G Delle Rose
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - F Di Marzo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Udine, Italy
| | | | - L Felicioni
- Ospedale della Misericordia, Grosseto, Italy
| | | | - A Foglia
- Studio di fisioterapia Riabilita, Pesaro, Italy
| | - M Galli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | | | - L Gia
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Udine, Italy
| | | | - A Guglielmi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Marioni
- Azienda Policlinico Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - N Orgiani
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - F Parra
- Kinemove Rehabilitation Center, Pontremoli, La Spezia, Italy
| | - A Quaglia
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - F Respizzi
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - L Ricciotti
- Kinemove Rehabilitation Center, Pontremoli, La Spezia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - F Tosi
- Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Z Vuckovic
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heydenreich FM, Vuckovic Z, Matkovic M, Veprintsev DB. Stabilization of G protein-coupled receptors by point mutations. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25941489 PMCID: PMC4403299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are flexible integral membrane proteins involved in transmembrane signaling. Their involvement in many physiological processes makes them interesting targets for drug development. Determination of the structure of these receptors will help to design more specific drugs, however, their structural characterization has so far been hampered by the low expression and their inherent instability in detergents which made protein engineering indispensable for structural and biophysical characterization. Several approaches to stabilize the receptors in a particular conformation have led to breakthroughs in GPCR structure determination. These include truncations of the flexible regions, stabilization by antibodies and nanobodies, fusion partners, high affinity and covalently bound ligands as well as conformational stabilization by mutagenesis. In this review we focus on stabilization of GPCRs by insertion of point mutations, which lead to increased conformational and thermal stability as well as improved expression levels. We summarize existing mutagenesis strategies with different coverage of GPCR sequence space and depth of information, design and transferability of mutations and the molecular basis for stabilization. We also discuss whether mutations alter the structure and pharmacological properties of GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Heydenreich
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen, Switzerland ; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen, Switzerland ; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Milos Matkovic
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen, Switzerland ; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen, Switzerland ; Department of Biology, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|