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Bhavsar H, Robinson Z, Benson M, Getachew F, González-Rosa JM, Lafontant PJ. Lectins As Effective Tools in the Study of the Biliary Network and the Parenchymal Architecture of the Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Liver. Zebrafish 2024; 21:177-180. [PMID: 38621207 PMCID: PMC11035847 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with specific affinity to glycoconjugates expressed in various tissues. Lectins are of substantial utility as research, histochemical, and diagnostic tools in mammalian systems. Reactivity of 12 commonly used plant-based lectins was studied in zebrafish liver. Four lectins, tomato lectin (TL), wheat germ agglutinin, concanavalin A, and Jacalin showed strong reactivity to hepatic parenchymal structures. Importantly, TL reacted to glycoconjugates within segments of the larval and adult intrahepatic biliary network, from canaliculi to bile ducts. We provide evidence that lectins can serve as important histochemical tools to investigate the structural and functional characteristics of the zebrafish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Bhavsar
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, USA
| | - Zoe Robinson
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew Benson
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, USA
| | - Feven Getachew
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Pascal J. Lafontant
- Biology Department, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, USA
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Garcia-Larsen V, Ierodiakonou D, Jarrold K, Cunha S, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Ruparelia A, Devani P, Trivella M, Leonardi-Bee J, Boyle RJ. Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002507. [PMID: 29489823 PMCID: PMC5830033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the influence of diet during pregnancy and infancy on a child's immune development. We assessed whether variations in maternal or infant diet can influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS Two authors selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess certainty of findings. We searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Web of Science, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) between January 1946 and July 2013 for observational studies and until December 2017 for intervention studies that evaluated the relationship between diet during pregnancy, lactation, or the first year of life and future risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. We identified 260 original studies (964,143 participants) of milk feeding, including 1 intervention trial of breastfeeding promotion, and 173 original studies (542,672 participants) of other maternal or infant dietary exposures, including 80 trials of maternal (n = 26), infant (n = 32), or combined (n = 22) interventions. Risk of bias was high in 125 (48%) milk feeding studies and 44 (25%) studies of other dietary exposures. Evidence from 19 intervention trials suggests that oral supplementation with nonpathogenic micro-organisms (probiotics) during late pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of eczema (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.78; 95% CI 0.68-0.90; I2 = 61%; Absolute Risk Reduction 44 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 20-64), and 6 trials suggest that fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to egg (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.90; I2 = 15%; Absolute Risk Reduction 31 cases per 1,000; 95% CI 10-47). GRADE certainty of these findings was moderate. We found weaker support for the hypotheses that breastfeeding promotion reduces risk of eczema during infancy (1 intervention trial), that longer exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced type 1 diabetes mellitus (28 observational studies), and that probiotics reduce risk of allergic sensitisation to cow's milk (9 intervention trials), where GRADE certainty of findings was low. We did not find that other dietary exposures-including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake-influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and fish oil supplementation may reduce risk of eczema and allergic sensitisation to food, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despo Ierodiakonou
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Jarrold
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Cunha
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Chivinge
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Robinson
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Geoghegan
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha Ruparelia
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Devani
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marialena Trivella
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Boyle
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Ierodiakonou D, Garcia-Larsen V, Logan A, Groome A, Cunha S, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Reeves T, Tagiyeva-Milne N, Nurmatov U, Trivella M, Leonardi-Bee J, Boyle RJ. Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2016; 316:1181-1192. [PMID: 27654604 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Timing of introduction of allergenic foods to the infant diet may influence the risk of allergic or autoimmune disease, but the evidence for this has not been comprehensively synthesized. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence that timing of allergenic food introduction during infancy influences risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and LILACS databases were searched between January 1946 and March 2016. STUDY SELECTION Intervention trials and observational studies that evaluated timing of allergenic food introduction during the first year of life and reported allergic or autoimmune disease or allergic sensitization were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted in duplicate and synthesized for meta-analysis using generic inverse variance or Mantel-Haenszel methods with a random-effects model. GRADE was used to assess the certainty of evidence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Wheeze, eczema, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, allergic sensitization, type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS Of 16 289 original titles screened, data were extracted from 204 titles reporting 146 studies. There was moderate-certainty evidence from 5 trials (1915 participants) that early egg introduction at 4 to 6 months was associated with reduced egg allergy (risk ratio [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.87; I2 = 36%; P = .009). Absolute risk reduction for a population with 5.4% incidence of egg allergy was 24 cases (95% CI, 7-35 cases) per 1000 population. There was moderate-certainty evidence from 2 trials (1550 participants) that early peanut introduction at 4 to 11 months was associated with reduced peanut allergy (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.74; I2 = 66%; P = .009). Absolute risk reduction for a population with 2.5% incidence of peanut allergy was 18 cases (95% CI, 6-22 cases) per 1000 population. Certainty of evidence was downgraded because of imprecision of effect estimates and indirectness of the populations and interventions studied. Timing of egg or peanut introduction was not associated with risk of allergy to other foods. There was low- to very low-certainty evidence that early fish introduction was associated with reduced allergic sensitization and rhinitis. There was high-certainty evidence that timing of gluten introduction was not associated with celiac disease risk, and timing of allergenic food introduction was not associated with other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review, early egg or peanut introduction to the infant diet was associated with lower risk of developing egg or peanut allergy. These findings must be considered in the context of limitations in the primary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despo Ierodiakonou
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, England2Respiratory Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | - Andrew Logan
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Annabel Groome
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Sergio Cunha
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | - Zoe Robinson
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | | | - Tim Reeves
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, England
| | | | - Ulugbek Nurmatov
- University Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Marialena Trivella
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Robert J Boyle
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, England
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Boyle RJ, Ierodiakonou D, Khan T, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Geoghegan N, Jarrold K, Afxentiou T, Reeves T, Cunha S, Trivella M, Garcia-Larsen V, Leonardi-Bee J. Hydrolysed formula and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2016; 352:i974. [PMID: 26956579 PMCID: PMC4783517 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether feeding infants with hydrolysed formula reduces their risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis, as part of a series of systematic reviews commissioned by the UK Food Standards Agency to inform guidelines on infant feeding. Two authors selected studies by consensus, independently extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and LILACS searched between January 1946 and April 2015. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective intervention trials of hydrolysed cows' milk formula compared with another hydrolysed formula, human breast milk, or a standard cows' milk formula, which reported on allergic or autoimmune disease or allergic sensitisation. RESULTS 37 eligible intervention trials of hydrolysed formula were identified, including over 19,000 participants. There was evidence of conflict of interest and high or unclear risk of bias in most studies of allergic outcomes and evidence of publication bias for studies of eczema and wheeze. Overall there was no consistent evidence that partially or extensively hydrolysed formulas reduce risk of allergic or autoimmune outcomes in infants at high pre-existing risk of these outcomes. Odds ratios for eczema at age 0-4, compared with standard cows' milk formula, were 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.07; I(2)=30%) for partially hydrolysed formula; 0.55 (0.28 to 1.09; I(2)=74%) for extensively hydrolysed casein based formula; and 1.12 (0.88 to 1.42; I(2)=0%) for extensively hydrolysed whey based formula. There was no evidence to support the health claim approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that a partially hydrolysed formula could reduce the risk of eczema nor the conclusion of the Cochrane review that hydrolysed formula could allergy to cows' milk. CONCLUSION These findings do not support current guidelines that recommend the use of hydrolysed formula to prevent allergic disease in high risk infants. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42013004252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Boyle
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Despo Ierodiakonou
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Tasnia Khan
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Zoe Robinson
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | | | | - Thalia Afxentiou
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Tim Reeves
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK
| | | | - Marialena Trivella
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Jo Leonardi-Bee
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Garcia-Larsen V, Ierodiakonou D, Leonardi-Bee J, Reeves T, Chivinge J, Robinson Z, Jarrold K, Geoghegan N, Andreou E, Tagiyeva-Milne N, Nurmatov U, Cunha S, Boyle RJ. P216 Duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding, timing of solid food introduction and risk of allergic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cole M, Nair N, Cook J, VanDyke M, Cagle S, Robinson R, Robinson Z, Ray S. Escalation and De-Escalation Plan for Carbapenem-Resistant Gram Negative Organisms in Critical Care. Am J Infect Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Robinson Z, Hazelgrove-Planel E, Edwards Z, Siassakos D. Peer-assisted learning: a planning and implementation framework. Guide supplement 30.7--practical application. Med Teach 2010; 32:e366-e368. [PMID: 20795813 DOI: 10.3109/01421590903505679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Robinson
- Southmead Hospital and University of Bristol, Chilterns, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Helping students efficiently learn critical concepts and understand the personal and professional relevance of statistics are important activities when teaching nursing research or related courses. The authors describe some creative teaching approaches used to elucidate abstract concepts and promote optimal learning of statistical analytic procedures. Appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate levels, these strategies are designed to influence the attitude that many students have about statistics, support active learning, and ignite the metacognitive abilities nursing students bring to the learning experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Beitz
- School of Nursing, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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