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Saifi Z, Ralli T, Rizwanullah M, Alam M, Vohora D, Mir SR, Amin S, Ameen S. BBD Driven Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite Engineered Risedronate Loaded Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their In Silico, In Vitro, and Ex Vivo Studies. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2182. [PMID: 38138351 PMCID: PMC10745864 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Risedronate sodium (RIS) exhibits limited bioavailability and undesirable gastrointestinal effects when administered orally, necessitating the development of an alternative formulation. In this study, mPEG-coated nanoparticles loaded with RIS-HA-TCS were created for osteoporosis treatment. Thiolated chitosan (TCS) was synthesized using chitosan and characterized using DSC and FTIR, with thiol immobilization assessed using Ellman's reagent. RIS-HA nanoparticles were fabricated and conjugated with synthesized TCS. Fifteen batches of RIS-HA-TCS nanoparticles were designed using the Box-Behnken design process. The nanoparticles were formulated through the ionic gelation procedure, employing tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinking agent. In silico activity comparison of RIS and RIS-HA-TCS for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase enzyme demonstrated a higher binding affinity for RIS. The RIS-HA-TCS nanoparticles exhibited 85.4 ± 2.21% drug entrapment efficiency, a particle size of 252.1 ± 2.44 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.2 ± 0.01. Further conjugation with mPEG resulted in a particle size of 264.9 ± 1.91 nm, a PDI of 0.120 ± 0.01, and an encapsulation efficiency of 91.1 ± 1.17%. TEM confirmed the spherical particle size of RIS-HA-TCS and RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG. In vitro release studies demonstrated significantly higher release for RIS-HS-TCS-mPEG (95.13 ± 4.64%) compared to RIS-HA-TCS (91.74 ± 5.13%), RIS suspension (56.12 ± 5.19%), and a marketed formulation (74.69 ± 3.98%). Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed an apparent permeability of 0.5858 × 10-1 cm/min for RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG, surpassing RIS-HA-TCS (0.4011 × 10-4 cm/min), RIS suspension (0.2005 × 10-4 cm/min), and a marketed preparation (0.3401 × 10-4 cm/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Md. Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Meraj Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Showkat R. Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Sadia Ameen
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Bio-Convergence Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Advanced Science Campus, Jeonju 56212, Republic of Korea
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Ralli T, Saifi Z, Tyagi N, Vidyadhari A, Aeri V, Kohli K. Deciphering the role of gut metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:815-833. [PMID: 36394607 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in microbial abundance or diversity in the intestinal lumen leads to intestinal inflammation and disruption of intestinal membrane which eventually facilitates the translocation of microbial metabolites or whole microbes to the liver and other organs through portal vein. This process of translocation finally leads to multitude of health disorders. In this review, we are going to focus on the mechanisms by which gut metabolites like SCFAs, tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, bile acids (BAs), ethanol, and choline can either cause the development/progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or serves as a therapeutic treatment for the disease. Alterations in some metabolites like SCFAs, Trp metabolites, etc., can serve as biomarker molecules whereas presence of specific metabolites like ethanol definitely leads to disease progression. Thus, proper understanding of these mechanisms will subsequently help in designing of microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we have also focussed on the role of dysbiosis on the mucosal immune system. In addition, we would also compile up the microbiome-based clinical trials which are currently undergoing for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has been observed that the use of microbiome-based approaches like prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, etc., can act as a beneficial treatment option but more research needs to be done to know how to manipulate the composition of gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Arya Vidyadhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
- Research and Publications, Llyod Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
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Mohammad, Khan UA, Saifi Z, Bora J, Warsi MH, Abourehab MAS, Jain GK, Kesharwani P, Ali A. Intranasal inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate oxidative stress induced motor manifestations in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2571-2585. [PMID: 37432554 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), owing to their radical scavenging property, have recently emerged as a therapeutic candidate for oxidative stress-mediated neurological diseases. However, oral and intravenous administration of CONPs is limited due to their poor physicochemical characteristics, low bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, poor blood-brain penetration and dose-dependent toxicity. To overcome these challenges, we developed intranasal CONPs and evaluated their potential in the experimental PD model. CONPs were prepared by homogenous precipitation using tween 80 as a stabilizer and methanol/water as solvent. The optimization was done using Central Composite Design (CCD). The CONPs synthesis was confirmed by UV and FTIR. The optimized CONPs were small-sized (105.1 ± 5.78 nm), spherical (TEM), uniform (PDI, 0.119 ± 0.006) and stable (ZP, -22.7 ± 1.02 mV). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed characteristic signals of Ce in developed CONPs. The X-ray diffraction pattern described the cubic fluorite structure and nano-crystalline nature of CONPs. The CONP anti-oxidant activity was found to be 93.60 ± 0.32% at 25 µg/mL concentration. Finally, motor manifestation studies like the forced swim test, locomotor test, akinesia, catalepsy, and muscle coordination test were conducted to assess the motor dysfunctions and behavioral activity in all four animal groups. Results of the in vivo motor manifestation studies in the haloperidol-induced PD rat model showed that co-administration of intranasal CONPs along with a half dose of levodopa resulted in significant protection, and results were significantly different from the untreated group but not significantly different from the healthy group. In conclusion, intranasal CONPs can be useful in ameliorating oxidative stress through their antioxidant effect and could be prospective therapeutics for the treatment of motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Urooj Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, DR Ram Manohar Lohia College of Pharmacy, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, 201204, UP, India.
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jinku Bora
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
- Center for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Saifi Z, Shafi S, Ralli T, Jain S, Vohora D, Mir SR, Alhalmi A, Noman OM, Alahdab A, Amin S. Enhancing Osteoporosis Treatment through Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery of Risedronate: In Vivo Evaluation and Bioavailability Enhancement. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2339. [PMID: 37765307 PMCID: PMC10534762 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Risedronate-loaded mPEG-coated hydroxyapatite, thiolated chitosan-based (coated) and non-coated nanoparticles were tested for their potential effects in the treatment of osteoporosis. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their bone-targeting potential by inducing osteoporosis in female Wistar rats via oral administration of Dexona (dexamethasone sodium phosphate). In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed on osteoporotic rat models treated with different formulations. The osteoporotic model treated with the prepared nanoparticles indicated a significant effect on bone. The relative bioavailability was enhanced for RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG nanoparticles given orally compared to RIS-HA-TCS, marketed, and API suspension. Biochemical investigations also showed a significant change in biomarker levels, ultimately leading to bone formation/resorption. Micro-CT analysis of bone samples also demonstrated that the RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG-treated group showed the best results compared to other treatment groups. Moreover, the histology of bone treated with RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG showed a marked restoration of the architecture of trabecular bone along with a well-connected bone matrix and narrow inter-trabecular spaces compared to the toxic group. A stability analysis was also carried out according to ICH guidelines (Q1AR2), and it was found that RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG was more stable than RIS-HA-TCS at 25 °C. Thus, the results of present study indicated that mPEG-RIS-HA-TCS has excellent potential for sustained delivery of RIS for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, and for minimizing the adverse effects of RIS typically induced via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (S.S.); (S.J.); (D.V.)
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Shreshta Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (S.S.); (S.J.); (D.V.)
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (S.S.); (S.J.); (D.V.)
| | - Showkat Rasool Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (T.R.); (A.A.)
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Ralli T, Saifi Z, Kumari A, Aeri V, Kohli K. In-silico, in-vitro and ex-vivo evidence of combining silymarin phytopharmaceutical with piperine, and fulvic acid for enhancing its solubility and permeability. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:595-610. [PMID: 37342048 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2227966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Even if with such a high mortality there is no definite treatment approved. Thus, there is a need to develop a formulation which can have multiple pharmacological activities. Herbal drugs are among the most promising compounds that act by different pharmacological actions. For increasing the bio-activity of Silymarin we had isolated five active biomarker molecules from silymarin extract (as a Phytopharmaceutical) in our previous work. It possesses lower bioavailability due to poor solubility, lesser permeability and first pass metabolism effect. Therefore, from the literature we had screened two bioavailability enhancers i.e. piperine and fulvic acid for overcoming the drawbacks associated with silymarin. Hence, in this study we had first explored the ADME-T parameters and then evaluated their in-silico activity for different enzymes involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Interestingly, it was found that besides the bioavailability enhancing property, piperine and fulvic acid also shown anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic action, particularly more activity was demonstrated by fulvic acid than piperine. Furthermore, the concentration of the bioavailability enhancers i.e. 20% FA and 10% PIP were optimized by QbD assisted solubility studies. Moreover, the percentage release and apparent permeability coefficient of the optimized formulation was found to be 95% and 90%, respectively as compared to 6.54*106 and 1.63*106 respectively by SM suspension alone. Furthermore, it was found that plain rhodamine solution penetrated only up to 10 um whereas, formulation penetrated up to 30 um. Thus, combining these three, can not only increase the bioavailability of silymarin, but might also, increase the physiological action synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Kumari
- Indian Patent agent and TIFAC-DST Woman Scientist, Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
- Director (Research and publications), Llyod Institute of Management and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ansari MD, Saifi Z, Pandit J, Khan I, Solanki P, Sultana Y, Aqil M. Spanlastics a Novel Nanovesicular Carrier: Its Potential Application and Emerging Trends in Therapeutic Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:112. [PMID: 35411425 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery system has played a very crucial role in overpowering the tasks allied with the conventional dosage form. Spanlastics, an elastic nanovesicle with an ability to carry wide range of drug molecules, make it a potential drug delivery carrier. Spanlastics have extended rising curiosity for diverse sort of route of administration. They can squeeze themselves through the skin pore due to elastic and deformable nature which makes them favorable for transdermal delivery. Spanlastics consist of non-ionic surfactant or blend of surfactants. Many researchers proved that spanlastics have been significantly augment therapeutic efficacy, enhanced drug bioavailability, and reduced drug toxicity. This review summarizes various vesicular systems, composition and structure of spanlastics, advantages of spanlastics over other drug delivery systems, and mechanism of drug penetration through skin. It also gives a brief on different types of drug encapsulated in spanlastics vesicles for the treatment of various diseases.
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Ralli T, Neupane YR, Saifi Z, Kohli K. Gut microbiota as an emerging therapeutic avenue for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4677-4685. [PMID: 34176456 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210625141526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of death related to liver diseases worldwide. Despite this, there is no specific treatment that is approved for the disease till now, which could be due to a poor understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. In the past few decades, several scientists have speculated the root cause of NAFLD to be dysbalance in the gut microbiome resulting in a susceptibility totheinflammatory cascade in the liver. Herein, we hypothesize to fabricate a novel formulation containing prebiotic with probiotics, which, thereby would help in maintaining the gut homeostasis, and used for the treatment of NAFLD. The proposed novel formulation would contain a Bifidobacteriumsp. with Faecalibacteriumprausnitzii in the presence of a dietary fibre having hepatoprotective activity. These two strains of probiotics would help in increasing the concentration of butyrate in the gut, which in turn would inhibit intestinal inflammation and maintain gut integrity. The dietary fibre would serve a dual mechanism; firstly they would act as a prebiotic, which helps in the proliferation of administered probiotics and secondly, would protect the liver via own hepatoprotective action. This combinatorial approach would pave a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi, India
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Yazdanpanah H, Daraei B, Saifi Z, Rasekh H, Shafaati A, Khoshnood Mansour-Khani M. Natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in a corn-based product from the Iranian market. Toxicol Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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