1
|
Surani Z, Turesky TK, Sullivan E, Shama T, Haque R, Islam N, Kakon SH, Yu X, Petri WA, Nelson C, Gaab N. Examining the relationship between psychosocial adversity and inhibitory control: an fMRI study of children growing up in extreme poverty. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.05.578942. [PMID: 38370839 PMCID: PMC10871278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to psychosocial adversity (PA) is associated with poor behavioral, physical, and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Growing evidence suggests that deficits in executive functions may in part moderate these outcomes, with inhibitory control as an example of such a putative moderator. However, much of the literature examining the development of inhibitory control has been based on children in higher resource environments, and little is known how growing up in a low resource setting might exacerbate the link between inhibitory control and health outcomes. In this context we collected fMRI data during a Go/No-Go inhibitory control task and PA variables for 68 children 5 to 7 years of age living in Dhaka, Bangladesh, an area with a high prevalence of PA. The children's mothers completed behavioral questionnaires to assess the child's PA and their own PA. Whole-brain activation underlying inhibitory control was examined using the No-Go versus Go contrast, and associations with PA variables were assessed using whole-brain regressions. Childhood neglect was associated with weaker activation in the right posterior cingulate, whereas greater family conflict, economic stress, and maternal PA factors were associated with greater activation in the left medial frontal gyrus, right superior and middle frontal gyrus, and left cingulate gyrus. These data suggest that neural networks supporting inhibitory control processes may vary as a function of exposure to different types of PA, particularly between those related to threat and deprivation. Furthermore, increased activation in children with greater PA may serve as a compensatory mechanism, allowing them to maintain similar behavioral task performance.
Collapse
|
2
|
Surani Z, Parkar S, Afshan G, Elahi KN, Hoodbhoy Z, Hilal K, Jafri SK. Maternal and environmental Impact assessment on Neurodevelopment in Early childhood years (MINE): a prospective cohort study protocol from a low, middle-income country. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070283. [PMID: 37423622 PMCID: PMC10335476 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental and psychosocial adversities negatively impact children's developmental outcomes. When these factors are experienced in early childhood-a sensitive period of development-the developing brain can be altered. While these associations have been drawn in high-income countries, it is necessary to understand child growth, neurodevelopment, and the role of environmental factors in developmental trajectories in low-income settings. The objective of this study is to longitudinally assess how demographic factors, maternal health, maternal development, and child health, are related to child development on a behavioural, cognitive, and neuroimaging level in low-socioeconomic communities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Mother-child dyads will be identified in the peri-urban field sites of Rehri Goth and Ibrahim Hyderi, Karachi, Pakistan. Dyads will undergo yearly assessments for 4 years beginning when the child is 1 month, 3 months or 6 months of age (+≤30 days of age) (depending on group assignment). Maternal assessments include anthropometry, behavioural, cognitive, and developmental assessments (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; Parenting Stress Index; Maternal Autonomy Index; Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream Tool; Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS)), and biological samples collection (breast milk, blood, stool, hair). Children's assessments include anthropometry, developmental assessments (Global Scales for Early Development (GSED); RIAS), MRI brain assessments, and biological sample collection (blood, stool, hair). Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data with statistical analysis tools, associations will be quantified between brain structure (MRI) and connectivity (resting state connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging), general cognitive skills (RIAS, GSED) and environmental influences (nutrition via biological samples, maternal mental health via questionnaires) through repeated measures analysis of variance tests and χ2 tests. Quantile regression and cortical analyses will be conducted to understand how demographic factors are related to the associations found. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received ethical approval from the Aga Khan University Ethics Review Committee. The study's findings will be disseminated through scientific publications and project summaries for the participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Surani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Parkar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gul Afshan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Naseem Elahi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Hoodbhoy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Hilal
- Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Kaleem Jafri
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haider KA, Surani Z, Khalid A, Jaffar Zaidi SA, Chohan R, Hoodbhoy Z. High prevalence of food insecurity in peri-urban communities in Karachi, Pakistan: The flood aftermath. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231182274. [PMID: 37312527 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231182274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity (FI) is at a steep risk, especially in low middle-income countries. FI is further compounded in areas that experience environmental and economic instability, thus a reassessment in such critical times is required for burden estimation and to propose targeted interventions. AIMS The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of, and sociodemographic factors associated with FI, as well as the coping strategies utilized in response to FI in peri-urban communities in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey from November-December 2022 on 400 households in four peri-urban communities in Karachi, Pakistan. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI) questionnaire were used to assess FI. A Poisson regression was used to assess associations between sociodemographic factors and FI. RESULTS The overall prevalence of FI was found to be 60.2% (n = 241) of which 33.8% (n = 135) were severely food insecure. Age, women's and breadwinners' education, women's occupation, and parity were significantly associated with FI. Participants reported relying on less expensive foods (44%) and borrowing food or help from others (35%) as the most common coping strategies overall in the FI households. CONCLUSION With more than half the households facing FI and adopting severe measures to cope in these communities, it is pivotal to design and test interventions that can withstand economic and climate catastrophes and help ensure a safety need for food security for the most vulnerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaniz Amna Haider
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Surani
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Jaffar Zaidi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rumassah Chohan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Hoodbhoy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Surani Z, Hirani R, Elias A, Quisenberry L, Varon J, Surani S, Surani S. Social media usage among health care providers. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:654. [PMID: 29187244 PMCID: PMC5708107 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of social media among healthcare workers in an attempt to identify how it affects the quality of patient care. Results An anonymous survey of 35 questions was conducted in South Texas, on 366 healthcare workers. Of the 97% of people who reported owning electronic devices, 87.9% indicated that they used social media. These healthcare workers indicated that they spent approximately 1 h on social media every day. The healthcare workers below the age of 40 were more involved in social media compared to those above 40 (p < 0.05). The use of social media among physicians and nurses was noted to be identical (88% for each group), and both groups encouraged their patients to research their clinical conditions on social media (p < 0.05). A higher number of physicians reported awareness of a social media policy in their hospital compared to nurses (p < 0.05). However, a large proportion of healthcare workers (40%) were unaware of their workplace policy, which could potentially cause a privacy breach of confidential medical information. Further studies are required to evaluate specific effects of these findings on the quality of patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Surani
- Veterans Memorial High School, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Rahim Hirani
- School of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Varon
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Salim Surani
- Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA. .,University of North Texas, 1177 West Wheeler Ave, Aransas Pass, TX, 78366, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare condition of the lung that is associated with acute lung injury, and has a poor prognosis. AFOP is characterized histologically by intra-alveolar fibrin. AFOP has been described to be associated with lung infections, connective tissue disorders, drugs, toxic environmental exposure, and in lung transplantation. However, most cases of AFOP remain idiopathic, and because the condition can present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, open lung biopsy or video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) lung biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis. Currently, treatments for AFOP remain under investigation. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old woman presented with a cough and dyspnea, and was initially diagnosed to have pneumonia. Due to the progression of her symptoms and increasing respiratory failure she underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) biopsy and was diagnosed with AFOP, 19 days following hospital admission. She was treated with mechanical ventilation, intravenous steroids, and cyclophosphamide. She required tracheostomy after 14 days of mechanical ventilation and died two weeks later. CONCLUSIONS AFOP is an uncommon clinical condition, with a poor prognosis, which often has a delay in diagnosis. Some patients benefit from steroids and immunosuppressive therapy. Currently, new treatments for AFOP are under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arnaud
- Department of Research, Dorrington Medical Associates, Houston, TX, USA.,Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Zoya Surani
- Department of Research, Dorrington Medical Associates, Houston, TX, USA.,Veterans Memorial High School, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Abhay Vakil
- Department of Medicine, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Varon
- Critical Care Services, United Memorial Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Surani S, Hesselbacher S, Surani Z, Surani S, Quisenberry L, Surani S. Validation of the iClicker Electronic Response System in Early Grade School Children. Chest 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
7
|
Sudhakaran S, Surani Z, Surani SR. Delayed complication of abdominal aortic stent: a rare complication. JRSM Open 2015; 6:2054270415611833. [PMID: 26673634 PMCID: PMC4641558 DOI: 10.1177/2054270415611833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We hereby present a case of recurrent abdominal aortic aneurysm due to endoleak to outline complications and secondary intervention strategies post endovascular aneurysm repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Sudhakaran
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zoya Surani
- Pulmonary Associates, 1177 West Wheeler Ave, Aransas Pass, Texas 78336, USA
| | - Salim R Surani
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Surani SR, Surani SS, Sadasiva S, Surani Z, Khimani A, Surani SS. Effect of animated movie in combating child sleep health problems. Springerplus 2015; 4:343. [PMID: 26191471 PMCID: PMC4501343 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sleep deprivation among teens is a major health issue. Only 15% of teens get 8.5 h of sleep on school nights. Sleep deprivation can lead to poor grades, sleepiness and moodiness. We undertook a study
to assess the prevalence of sleep habit disturbance among elementary school students in South Texas with Hispanic ethnicity predominance. We also found how much a video based on sleep education had an impact on these children. Method Once the Corpus Christi Independent School District (CCISD) approved the collection of baseline sleep data, questionnaires were administered using the Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ.) These questionnaires were distributed prior to the viewing of the educational and animated movie KNIGHTS (Keep Nurturing and Inspiring Good Habits in Teen Sleep). Four months later, a random follow-up was performed and the children were requested to respond to the same CSHQ. Results 264 children from two elementary schools participated in this educational program. At baseline, 55.56% of the children had trouble sleeping. When the questionnaire was administered four months later, only 23.26% (p < 0.05) had trouble sleeping. Additionally, at baseline, approximately 60–70% children had some baseline bedtime resistance, anxiety dealing with sleep, issues with sleep duration and/or awakenings in the middle of the night. In the follow up questionnaire, results showed significant improvements in overall sleep habits, bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety and night awakenings amongst students (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were seen in sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Conclusion Sleep deprivation and good sleep habits remain as a pervasive challenge among elementary school students. Administering an animated video about sleep education along with a provider-based education may be an effective tool for educating elementary school students and decreasing the prevalence of these sleep-related issues. Future prospective randomized studies are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salim R Surani
- Texas A&M University, 1177 West Wheeler Ave, Suite 1, Aransas Pass, TX 78336 USA
| | | | | | - Zoya Surani
- Pulmonary Associates, Corpus Christi, TX USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Surani S, Surani Z, Papakostas S, Villareal A, Surani S, Solomon L, Surani S. Early Childhood Education to Combat Obesity and Cardiovascular Complications. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1993788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
10
|
Surani Z, Vidya S, Surani S, Damaraju S, Surani S. Difference in Sleep Habits Between Elementary and Middle School Children. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1986819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|