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Czimmerer Z, Halasz L, Daniel B, Varga Z, Bene K, Domokos A, Hoeksema M, Shen Z, Berger WK, Cseh T, Jambrovics K, Kolostyak Z, Fenyvesi F, Varadi J, Poliska S, Hajas G, Szatmari I, Glass CK, Bacsi A, Nagy L. The epigenetic state of IL-4-polarized macrophages enables inflammatory cistromic expansion and extended synergistic response to TLR ligands. Immunity 2022; 55:2006-2026.e6. [PMID: 36323312 PMCID: PMC9649892 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prior exposure to microenvironmental signals could fundamentally change the response of macrophages to subsequent stimuli. It is believed that T helper-2 (Th2)-cell-type cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-activated transcriptional programs mutually antagonize each other, and no remarkable convergence has been identified between them. In contrast, here, we show that IL-4-polarized macrophages established a hyperinflammatory gene expression program upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. This phenomenon, which we termed extended synergy, was supported by IL-4-directed epigenomic remodeling, LPS-activated NF-κB-p65 cistrome expansion, and increased enhancer activity. The EGR2 transcription factor contributed to the extended synergy in a macrophage-subtype-specific manner. Consequently, the previously alternatively polarized macrophages produced increased amounts of immune-modulatory factors both in vitro and in vivo in a murine Th2 cell-type airway inflammation model upon LPS exposure. Our findings establish that IL-4-induced epigenetic reprogramming is responsible for the development of inflammatory hyperresponsiveness to TLR activation and contributes to lung pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary,These authors contributed equally
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Present address: Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,These authors contributed equally,Present address: Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zsofia Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Bene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Apolka Domokos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Molecular Cell and Immunobiology Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marten Hoeksema
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zeyang Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Timea Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karoly Jambrovics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolostyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Molecular Cell and Immunobiology Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Varadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Hajas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szatmari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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Daniel B, Czimmerer Z, Halasz L, Boto P, Kolostyak Z, Poliska S, Berger WK, Tzerpos P, Nagy G, Horvath A, Hajas G, Cseh T, Nagy A, Sauer S, Francois-Deleuze J, Szatmari I, Bacsi A, Nagy L. The transcription factor EGR2 is the molecular linchpin connecting STAT6 activation to the late, stable epigenomic program of alternative macrophage polarization. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1474-1492. [PMID: 33060136 PMCID: PMC7608752 DOI: 10.1101/gad.343038.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Daniel et al. examined the mechanisms of macrophage polarization in general and alternative polarization in particular. Using unbiased epigenomic, molecular biology, and genetic GOF and LOF approaches, the authors show that the zinc finger transcription factor EGR2 acts as an essential and evolutionarily conserved broad-acting factor, linking transient polarization signals to stable epigenomic and transcriptional changes in macrophages. Macrophages polarize into functionally distinct subtypes while responding to microenvironmental cues. The identity of proximal transcription factors (TFs) downstream from the polarization signals are known, but their activity is typically transient, failing to explain the long-term, stable epigenomic programs developed. Here, we mapped the early and late epigenomic changes of interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced alternative macrophage polarization. We identified the TF, early growth response 2 (EGR2), bridging the early transient and late stable gene expression program of polarization. EGR2 is a direct target of IL-4-activated STAT6, having broad action indispensable for 77% of the induced gene signature of alternative polarization, including its autoregulation and a robust, downstream TF cascade involving PPARG. Mechanistically, EGR2 binding results in chromatin opening and the recruitment of chromatin remodelers and RNA polymerase II. Egr2 induction is evolutionarily conserved during alternative polarization of mouse and human macrophages. In the context of tissue resident macrophages, Egr2 expression is most prominent in the lung of a variety of species. Thus, EGR2 is an example of an essential and evolutionarily conserved broad acting factor, linking transient polarization signals to stable epigenomic and transcriptional changes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Daniel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA
| | - Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA
| | - Pal Boto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolostyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Wilhelm K Berger
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - György Hajas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Timea Cseh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Aniko Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany.,CU Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97070, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Jean Francois-Deleuze
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Evry 91000, France
| | - Istvan Szatmari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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Czimmerer Z, Horvath A, Daniel B, Nagy G, Cuaranta-Monroy I, Kiss M, Kolostyak Z, Poliska S, Steiner L, Giannakis N, Varga T, Nagy L. Dynamic transcriptional control of macrophage miRNA signature via inflammation responsive enhancers revealed using a combination of next generation sequencing-based approaches. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2018; 1861:14-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cuaranta-Monroy I, Simandi Z, Kolostyak Z, Doan-Xuan QM, Poliska S, Horvath A, Nagy G, Bacso Z, Nagy L. Highly efficient differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes by ascorbic acid. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:88-97. [PMID: 24858493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation and function have become the major research targets due to the increasing interest in obesity and related metabolic conditions. Although, late stages of adipogenesis have been extensively studied, the early phases remain poorly understood. Here we present that supplementing ascorbic acid (AsA) to the adipogenic differentiation cocktail enables the robust and efficient differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to mature adipocytes. Such ESC-derived adipocytes mimic the gene-expression profile of subcutaneous isolated adipocytes in vivo remarkably well, much closer than 3T3-L1 derived ones. Moreover, the differentiated cells are in a monolayer, allowing a broad range of genome-wide studies in early and late stages of adipocyte differentiation to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchelt Cuaranta-Monroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Simandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolostyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Quang-Minh Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary; MTA-DE "Lendulet" Immunogenomics Research Group, Hungary.
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