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Hao X, Hamel H, Grandjean CH, Fedutin I, Wahlberg M, Frankish CK, Nabe‐Nielsen J. Harbour porpoises respond to recreational boats by speeding up and moving away from the boat path. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11433. [PMID: 38756690 PMCID: PMC11096697 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Recreational boats are common in many coastal waters, yet their effects on cetaceans and other sensitive marine species remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used drone video footage recorded from a recreational boat to quantify how harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) responded to the boat approaching at different speeds (10 or 20 knots). Furthermore, we used a hydrophone to record boat noise levels at full bandwidth (0.1-150 kHz) and at the 1/3 octave 16 kHz frequency band for both experimental speeds. The experiments were carried out in shallow waters near Funen, Denmark (55.51° N, 10.79° E) between July and September 2022. Porpoises were more likely to move further away from the path of the boat when approached at 10 knots, but not when approached at 20 knots. In contrast, they swam faster when approached at 20 knots, but not when approached at 10 knots. The recorded received sound level did not depend on how fast the boat approached, suggesting that differences in porpoise responses were related to the speed of the approaching boat rather than to sound intensity. In addition, porpoises generally reacted within close proximity (<200 m) to the approaching boat and quickly (<50 s) resumed their natural behaviour once the boat had passed, indicating that the direct impact of small vessels on porpoise behaviour was most likely small. Nevertheless, repeated exposure to noise from small vessels may influence porpoises' activity or energy budget, and cause them to relocate from disturbed areas. The approach used in this study increases our understanding of recreational boats' impact on harbour porpoises and can be used to inform efficient mitigation measures to help focus conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Hao
- Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Héloïse Hamel
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | | | | | - Magnus Wahlberg
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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Andersen OE, Poulsen JV, Farup J, de Morree A. Regulation of adult stem cell function by ketone bodies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1246998. [PMID: 37745291 PMCID: PMC10513036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1246998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play key roles in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Recent evidence suggests that dietary interventions can significantly impact adult stem cell function. Some of these effects depend on ketone bodies. Adult stem cells could therefore potentially be manipulated through dietary regimens or exogenous ketone body supplementation, a possibility with significant implications for regenerative medicine. In this review we discuss recent findings of the mechanisms by which ketone bodies could influence adult stem cells, including ketogenesis in adult stem cells, uptake and transport of circulating ketone bodies, receptor-mediated signaling, and changes to cellular metabolism. We also discuss the potential effects of ketone bodies on intracellular processes such as protein acetylation and post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The exploration of mechanisms underlying the effects of ketone bodies on stem cell function reveals potential therapeutic targets for tissue regeneration and age-related diseases and suggests future research directions in the field of ketone bodies and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Emil Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Smedegaard CV. Novelty Knows No Boundaries: Why a Proper Investigation of Novelty Effects Within SHRI Should Begin by Addressing the Scientific Plurality of the Field. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:741478. [PMID: 35719207 PMCID: PMC9198635 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.741478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on psychological novelty effects within the fields of Social Robotics and Human-Robot Interaction (together: SHRI) so far has failed to gather the momentum it deserves. With the aid of exemplary descriptions of how psychological novelty is currently approached and researched across (certain main regions of) the larger scientific landscape, I argue that the treatment of novelty effects within the multidisciplinary SHRI reflects larger circumstances of fragmentation and heterogeneity in novelty research in general. I further propose that while the concept of novelty may currently function as a Boundary Object between the contributing domains of SHRI, a properly integrated, interdisciplinary concept of novelty is needed in order to capture and investigate the scope and scale of novelty effects within research on social human-robot interaction. Building on research on the New Ontological Category Hypothesis and related studies, I argue that the novelty of social robots can be understood as radical to the extent that their comprehension requires revisions of traditional core categories of being. In order to investigate the sui generis effects of such novelty, which should not be narrowly understood as mere “noise” in the data, it is paramount that the field of SHRI begin by working out a shared, integrative framework of psychological novelty and novelty effects.
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Erdmann F, Frederiksen LE, Mogensen H, Pedersen C, Mader L, Talbäck M, Bautz A, Hirvonen E, Kyrönlahti A, Korhonen LM, Hasle H, Malila N, Madanat-Harjuoja LM, Feychting M, Winther JF. Cohort Profile: The Socioeconomic Consequences in Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (SALiCCS) Research Programme. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752948. [PMID: 34900702 PMCID: PMC8662544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing number of survivors of childhood cancer, with many years of life ahead, demonstrates the increasing clinical and public health relevance of investigating the risks of social and socioeconomic impairment after a childhood cancer diagnosis and the life-saving treatment. To enrich understanding of the mental, social and socioeconomic difficulties that childhood cancer survivors may face during their life-course, identify particularly vulnerable survivors and overcome the limitations of previous research, we initiated the Socioeconomic Consequences in Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (SALiCCS) research programme. METHODS This Nordic cross-border research programme is a collaboration between the Danish Cancer Society, the Finnish Cancer Registry and Karolinska Institutet to investigate a broad range of mental, social and socioeconomic conditions in long-term childhood cancer survivors in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. SALiCCS is based on a registry-based matched cohort design, comprising five-year survivors of cancer diagnosed at ages 0-19 years (1971-2008 in Denmark, 1971-2009 in Finland, 1971-2011 in Sweden), age-, sex- and country-matched population comparisons and sibling comparisons who were followed over time. Outcomes of interest included mental disorders, educational achievements, employment and profession, family life and the need of social security benefits. Individual-level data linkage among various national registries provided the data for the research programme. RESULTS The SALiCCS core population comprises 21,292 five-year survivors, 103,303 population comparisons and 29,644 siblings as a second comparison group. The most common diagnoses in survivors were central nervous system tumours, leukaemias and lymphomas. DISCUSSION SALiCCS is the largest, most comprehensive population-based research initiative in this field, based on high-quality registry data with minimal risk of bias. The findings will be informative for evidence-based survivorship care targeting not only somatic late effects but also psychosocial impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Erdmann
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Hanna Mogensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Pedersen
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luzius Mader
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mats Talbäck
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Bautz
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elli Hirvonen
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Kyrönlahti
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Maria Korhonen
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nea Malila
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura-Maria Madanat-Harjuoja
- Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zakeri A, Whitehead BJ, Stensballe A, de Korne C, Williams AR, Everts B, Nejsum P. Parasite worm antigens instruct macrophages to release immunoregulatory extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12131. [PMID: 34429858 PMCID: PMC8365858 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that immune cells not only communicate with each other through cytokines, chemokines, and cell surface receptors, but also by releasing small membranous structures known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs carry a variety of different molecules that can be taken up by recipient cells. Parasitic worms are well known for their immunomodulatory properties, but whether they can affect immune responses by altering EV-driven communication between host immune cells remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with soluble products of Trichuris suis (TSPs), leads to the release of EVs with anti-inflammatory properties. Specifically, we found that EVs from TSP-pulsed BMDMs, but not those from unstimulated BMDMs can suppress TNFα and IL-6 release in LPS-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs. However, no polarization toward M1 or M2 was observed in macrophages exposed to EVs. Moreover, EVs enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the exposed BMDMs, which was associated with a deregulated redox homeostasis as revealed by pathway analysis of transcriptomic data. Proteomic analysis identified cytochrome p450 (CYP450) as a potential source of ROS in EVs from TSP-pulsed BMDMs. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of CYP450 activity could suppress ROS production in those BMDMs. In summary, we find that TSPs can modulate immune responses not only via direct interactions but also indirectly by eliciting the release of EVs from BMDMs that exert anti-inflammatory effects on recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zakeri
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Medicine and Health TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Clarize de Korne
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenNetherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenNetherlands
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenNetherlands
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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