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Kurusu R, Morishita H, Komatsu M. p62 bodies: cytosolic zoning by phase separation. J Biochem 2024; 175:141-146. [PMID: 37948628 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular zoning or partitioning is critical in preventing macromolecules from random diffusion and orchestrating the spatiotemporal dynamics of biochemical reactions. Along with membranous organelles, membraneless organelles contribute to the precise regulation of biochemical reactions inside cells. In response to environmental cues, membraneless organelles rapidly form through liquid-liquid phase separation, sequester certain proteins and RNAs, mediate specific reactions and dissociate. Among membraneless organelles, ubiquitin-positive condensates, namely, p62 bodies, maintain cellular homeostasis through selective autophagy of themselves to contribute to intracellular quality control. p62 bodies also activate the anti-oxidative stress response regulated by the KEAP1-NRF2 system. In this review, we present an overview of recent advancements in cellular and molecular biology related to p62 bodies, highlighting their dynamic nature and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Kurusu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Eguchi K, Kobayashi K, Honma Y, Ryo E, Sakyo A, Yokoyama K, Watanabe T, Aihara Y, Sakai A, Matsumoto Y, Sakai T, Omura G, Yatabe Y, Yoshimoto S, Mori T. Clinical and pathological features of second primary neoplasms arising in head and neck reconstructive skin flaps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11214. [PMID: 37433786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of second primary neoplasms arising in the skin reconstructive flap (SNAF) is increasing because of the increase in head and neck flap reconstruction and cancer survival. Prognosis, optimal treatment, and their clinicopathological-genetic features are under debate and are difficult to diagnose. We retrospectively reviewed SNAFs based on a single center's experience over 20 years. Medical records and specimens of 21 patients with SNAF who underwent biopsies between April 2000 and April 2020 at our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Definite squamous cell carcinoma and the remaining neoplastic lesions were subclassified as flap cancer (FC) and precancerous lesions (PLs), respectively. Immunohistochemical studies focused on p53 and p16. TP53 sequencing was conducted using next-generation sequencing. Seven and 14 patients had definite FC and PL, respectively. The mean number of biopsies/latency intervals was 2.0 times/114 months and 2.5 times/108 months for FC and PL, respectively. All lesions were grossly exophytic and accompanied by inflamed stroma. In FC and PL, the incidences of altered p53 types were 43% and 29%, respectively, and those of positive p16 stains were 57% and 64%, respectively. Mutation of TP53 in FC and PL were 17% and 29%, respectively. All except one patient with FC under long-term immunosuppressive therapy survived in this study. SNAFs are grossly exophytic tumors with an inflammatory background and show a relatively low altered p53 and TP53 rate and a high p16 positivity rate. They are slow-growing neoplasms with good prognoses. Diagnosis is often difficult; therefore, repeated or excisional biopsy of the lesion may be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Eguchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honma
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eijitsu Ryo
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Airi Sakyo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yokoyama
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takane Watanabe
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aihara
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Azusa Sakai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Go Omura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Doan PTB, Nio K, Shimakami T, Kuroki K, Li YY, Sugimoto S, Takayama H, Okada H, Kaneko S, Honda M, Yamashita T. Super-Resolution Microscopy Analysis of Hepatitis B Viral cccDNA and Host Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051178. [PMID: 37243264 DOI: 10.3390/v15051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot be cured completely because of the persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We previously found that the host gene dedicator of cytokinesis 11 (DOCK11) was required for HBV persistence. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism that links DOCK11 to other host genes in the regulation of cccDNA transcription. cccDNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in stable HBV-producing cell lines and HBV-infected PXB-cells®. Interactions between DOCK11 and other host genes were identified by super-resolution microscopy, immunoblotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. FISH facilitated the subcellular localization of key HBV nucleic acids. Interestingly, although DOCK11 partially colocalized with histone proteins, such as H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, and nonhistone proteins, such as RNA Pol II, it played limited roles in histone modification and RNA transcription. DOCK11 was functionally involved in regulating the subnuclear distribution of host factors and/or cccDNA, resulting in an increase in cccDNA closely located to H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II for activating cccDNA transcription. Thus, it was suggested that the association of cccDNA-bound Pol II and H3K4me3 required the assistance of DOCK11. DOCK11 facilitated the association of cccDNA with H3K4me3 and RNA Pol II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Bich Doan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ying-Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Saiho Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hideo Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Horiuchi S, Wu H, Liu WC, Schmitt N, Provot J, Liu Y, Bentebibel SE, Albrecht RA, Schotsaert M, Forst CV, Zhang B, Ueno H. Tox2 is required for the maintenance of GC T FH cells and the generation of memory T FH cells. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj1249. [PMID: 34623911 PMCID: PMC8500513 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory T follicular helper (TFH) cells play an essential role to induce secondary antibody response by providing help to memory and naïve B cells. Here, we show that the transcription factor Tox2 is vital for the maintenance of TFH cells in germinal centers (GCs) and the generation of memory TFH cells. High Tox2 expression was almost exclusive to GC TFH cells among human tonsillar and blood CD4+ T cell subsets. Tox2 overexpression maintained the expression of TFH-associated genes in T cell receptor–stimulated human GC TFH cells and inhibited their spontaneous conversion into TH1-like cells. Tox2-deficient mice displayed impaired secondary TFH cell expansion upon reimmunization with an antigen and upon secondary infection with a heterologous influenza virus. Collectively, our study shows that Tox2 is highly integrated into establishment of durable GC TFH cell responses and development of memory TFH cells in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Hanchih Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Jonathan Provot
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | | | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christian V. Forst
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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