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Ben Nissan R, Milshtein E, Pahl V, de Pins B, Jona G, Levi D, Yung H, Nir N, Ezra D, Gleizer S, Link H, Noor E, Milo R. Autotrophic growth of Escherichia coli is achieved by a small number of genetic changes. eLife 2024; 12:RP88793. [PMID: 38381041 PMCID: PMC10942610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic autotrophy is a promising avenue to sustainable bioproduction from CO2. Here, we use iterative laboratory evolution to generate several distinct autotrophic strains. Utilising this genetic diversity, we identify that just three mutations are sufficient for Escherichia coli to grow autotrophically, when introduced alongside non-native energy (formate dehydrogenase) and carbon-fixing (RuBisCO, phosphoribulokinase, carbonic anhydrase) modules. The mutated genes are involved in glycolysis (pgi), central-carbon regulation (crp), and RNA transcription (rpoB). The pgi mutation reduces the enzyme's activity, thereby stabilising the carbon-fixing cycle by capping a major branching flux. For the other two mutations, we observe down-regulation of several metabolic pathways and increased expression of native genes associated with the carbon-fixing module (rpiB) and the energy module (fdoGH), as well as an increased ratio of NADH/NAD+ - the cycle's electron-donor. This study demonstrates the malleability of metabolism and its capacity to switch trophic modes using only a small number of genetic changes and could facilitate transforming other heterotrophic organisms into autotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roee Ben Nissan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Eliya Milshtein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Vanessa Pahl
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Benoit de Pins
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ghil Jona
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Dikla Levi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Hadas Yung
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Noga Nir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Dolev Ezra
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Shmuel Gleizer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Hannes Link
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Elad Noor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ron Milo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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Singh P, Soffer Y, Ceratti DR, Elbaum M, Oron D, Hodes G, Cahen D. A-Site Cation Dependence of Self-Healing in Polycrystalline APbI 3 Perovskite Films. ACS Energy Lett 2023; 8:2447-2455. [PMID: 37206954 PMCID: PMC10189583 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In terms of sustainable use, halide perovskite (HaP) semiconductors have a strong advantage over most other classes of materials for (opto)electronics, as they can self-heal (SH) from photodamage. While there is considerable literature on SH in devices, where it may not be clear exactly where damage and SH occur, there is much less on the HaP material itself. Here we perform "fluorescence recovery after photobleaching" (FRAP) measurements to study SH on polycrystalline thin films for which encapsulation is critical to achieving complete and fast self-healing. We compare SH in three photoactive APbI3 perovskite films by varying the A-site cation ranging from (relatively) small inorganic Cs through medium-sized MA to large FA (the last two are organic cations). While the A cation is often considered electronically relatively inactive, it significantly affects both SH kinetics and the threshold for photodamage. The SH kinetics are markedly faster for γ-CsPbI3 and α-FAPbI3 than for MAPbI3. Furthermore, γ-CsPbI3 exhibits an intricate interplay between photoinduced darkening and brightening. We suggest possible explanations for the observed differences in SH behavior. This study's results are essential for identifying absorber materials that can regain intrinsic, insolation-induced photodamage-linked efficiency loss during its rest cycles, thus enabling applications such as autonomously sustainable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Dept.
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yahel Soffer
- Dept.
of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Davide Raffaele Ceratti
- CNRS
UMR 9006-IPVF Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Michael Elbaum
- Dept.
of Chemical & Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Dept.
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Email
for D.O.:
| | - Gary Hodes
- Dept.
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Email for G.H.:
| | - David Cahen
- Dept.
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Email for D.C.:
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Goldfarb Y, Givony T, Kadouri N, Dobeš J, Peligero-Cruz C, Zalayat I, Damari G, Dassa B, Ben-Dor S, Gruper Y, Oftedal BE, Bratland E, Erichsen MM, Berger A, Avin A, Nevo S, Haljasorg U, Kuperman Y, Ulman A, Haffner-Krausz R, Porat Z, Atasoy U, Leshkowitz D, Husebye ES, Abramson J. Mechanistic dissection of dominant AIRE mutations in mouse models reveals AIRE autoregulation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201076. [PMID: 34477806 PMCID: PMC8421262 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is essential for the establishment of central tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Interestingly, different AIRE mutations cause autoimmunity in either recessive or dominant-negative manners. Using engineered mouse models, we establish that some monoallelic mutants, including C311Y and C446G, cause breakdown of central tolerance. By using RNAseq, ATACseq, ChIPseq, and protein analyses, we dissect the underlying mechanisms for their dominancy. Specifically, we show that recessive mutations result in a lack of AIRE protein expression, while the dominant mutations in both PHD domains augment the expression of dysfunctional AIRE with altered capacity to bind chromatin and induce gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that enhanced AIRE expression is partially due to increased chromatin accessibility of the AIRE proximal enhancer, which serves as a docking site for AIRE binding. Therefore, our data not only elucidate why some AIRE mutations are recessive while others dominant, but also identify an autoregulatory mechanism by which AIRE negatively modulates its own expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Itay Zalayat
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Golda Damari
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bergithe E. Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Amund Berger
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ayelet Avin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uku Haljasorg
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Ulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ulus Atasoy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eystein S. Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University and Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Shlezinger M, Friedman M, Houri-Haddad Y, Hazan R, Beyth N. Phages in a thermoreversible sustained-release formulation targeting E. faecalis in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219599. [PMID: 31291645 PMCID: PMC6620107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococcus faecalis is a key pathogen recovered from root canals when conventional treatment fails. Phage therapy has generated new interest in combating pathogens. A sustained-release formulation using specific phages against E. faecalis may offer an alternative approach. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of anti-E. faecalis phages formulated in a thermo- sustained-release system against E. faecalis in vitro and in vivo. Methods EFDG1 and EFLK1 phages were formulated with poloxamer P407. Gelation time, phage survival, activity and toxicity were evaluated. Lytic activity was evaluated in vitro against E. faecalis at various growth phases, including anti-biofilm activity. Methods included viable bacterial count (CFU/mL), biofilm biomass determination and electron microscopy (live/dead staining). Further evaluation included infected incisors in an in vivo rat model. Anti-E. faecalis phage-cocktail suspension and sustained-release phage formulation were evaluated by viable bacterial count (CFU/mL), histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 16S genome sequencing of the microbiota of the root canal. Results Gelation time for clinical use was established. Low toxicity and a high phage survival rate were recorded. Sustained-release phages reduced E. faecalis in logarithmic (4 logs), stationary (3 logs) and biofilm (4 logs) growth phases. Prolonged anti-biofilm activity of 88% and 95% reduction in biomass and viable counts, respectively, was recorded. Reduction of intracanal viable bacterial counts was observed (99% of enterococci) also seen in SEM. Phage treatment increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes. Histology showed reduced periapical inflammation and improved healing following phage treatment. Conclusion Poloxamer P407 formulated with phages has an effective and long-lasting effect in vitro and in vivo targeting E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Shlezinger
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Friedman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Hazan
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nurit Beyth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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