The potential molecular markers of inflammatory response in KOA with AD based on single-cell transcriptome sequencing analysis and identification of ligands by virtual screening

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoarthritis (OA) are both senile degenerative diseases. Clinical studies have found that OA patients have a significantly increased risk of AD in their later life. This study hypothesized that chronic aseptic inflammation might lead to AD in KOA patients. However, current research has not yet clarified the potential mechanism between AD and KOA. Therefore, this study intends to use KOA transcriptional profiling and single-cell sequencing analysis technology to explore the molecular mechanism of KOA affecting AD development, and screen potential molecular biomarkers and drugs for the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of AD in KOA patients. It was found that the higher the expression of TXNIP, MMP3, and MMP13, the higher the risk coefficient of AD was. In addition, the AUC of TXNIP, MMP3, and MMP13 were all greater than 0.70, which had good diagnostic significance for AD. Finally, through the virtual screening of core proteins in FDA drugs and molecular dynamics simulation, it was found that compound Cobicistat could be targeted to TXNIP, Itc could be targeted to MMP3, and Isavuconazonium could be targeted to MMP13. To sum up, TXNIP, MMP3, and MMP13 are prospective molecular markers in KOA with AD, which could be used to predict, diagnose, and prognosis.

Extranodal lymphoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Approximately 30% of lymphomas occur outside the lymph nodes, spleen, or bone marrow, and the incidence of extranodal lymphoma has been rising in the past decade. While traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival outcomes for certain patients, the prognosis for extranodal lymphoma patients remains unsatisfactory. Extranodal lymphomas in different anatomical sites often have distinct cellular origins, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical manifestations, significantly influencing their diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment progress of extranodal lymphoma overall and specifically for different anatomical sites. This review summarizes the current progress in the common key signaling pathways in the development of extranodal lymphomas and intervention therapy. Furthermore, it provides insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of common extranodal lymphomas, including gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, mycosis fungoides (MF), natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type, NKTCL-NT), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Additionally, as PCNSL is one of the extranodal lymphomas with the worst prognosis, this review specifically summarizes prognostic indicators and discusses the challenges and opportunities related to its clinical applications. The aim of this review is to assist clinical physicians and researchers in understanding the current status of extranodal lymphomas, enabling them to make informed clinical decisions that contribute to improving patient prognosis.

Is proximal tibial tubercle osteotomy superior to distal tibial tubercle osteotomy for medial compartmental osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is commonly performed for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and is classified into proximal tibial tubercle osteotomy (PTO) and distal tibial tubercle osteotomy (DTO). The PTO osteotomy point is generally located about 3-4 cm below the joint of the proximal tibia, and the osteotomy line points to the upper part of the proximal tibiofibular joint. The DTO osteotomy point is generally located about 0.5-1.0 cm below the tibial tubercle, and the osteotomy line points to the contralateral cortex. However, there is currently no consensus on which surgical technique is superior. The purpose of our study was to investigate which among the two is superior for medial KOA, with respect to knee joint parameters, clinical function, and complications.

METHODS

This study was conducted as per the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The Cochrane Central Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases were systematically searched for trials comparing PTO and DTO in patients with medial compartment KOA, from inception until March 2022. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess methodological quality. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 12.0. Outcomes of interest included the Insall-Salvati index (ISI), Caton-Deschamps index (CDI), Blackburne-Peel index (BPI), posterior tibial slope (PTS), and the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee-rating scale.

RESULTS

A total of 15 retrospective studies (910 knees) were included. There were no significant differences in the age or sex of included patients. There was a significant difference in the ISI, CDI, BPI, and PTS between the two groups (all p ≤ 0.05). Further, DTO was associated with a significantly greater number of postoperative complications (p < 0.05) compared to PTO. However, there was no significant difference in the femorotibial angle (FTA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), and HSS knee score (all p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with DTO, PTO is associated with a greater incidence of postoperative patella baja and increased PTS, whereas DTO is associated with more postoperative complications. Nevertheless, both can significantly correct knee varus deformity and improve knee function; their early knee function scores are also similar.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number CRD42021284443.