Zhao T, Jia J. Polygalacic acid attenuates cognitive impairment by regulating inflammation through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway.
CNS Neurosci Ther 2024;
30:e14581. [PMID:
38421141 PMCID:
PMC10851321 DOI:
10.1111/cns.14581]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS
We aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of polygalacic acid (PA) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Polygala tenuifolia in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS
The network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the potential targets and pathways of PA. Molecular docking was applied to analyze the combination between PA and core targets. Aβ42 oligomer-induced AD mice model and microglia were used to detect the effect of PA on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and its further mechanism. In addition, a co-culture system of microglia and neuronal cells was constructed to assess the effect of PA on activating microglia-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
RESULTS
We predict that PA might regulate inflammation by targeting PPARγ-mediated pathways by using network pharmacology. In vivo study, PA could attenuate cognitive deficits and inhibit the expression levels of inflammation-related factors. In vitro study, PA can also decrease the production of activated microglia-mediated inflammatory cytokines and reduce the apoptosis of N2a neuronal cells. PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 inversed the neuroprotective effect of PA. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed PA might attenuate the inflammation through the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
PA is expected to provide a valuable candidate for new drug development for AD in the future.
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