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Nakayama LF, Gonçalves MB, Ferraz DA, Santos HNV, Malerbi FK, Morales PH, Maia M, Regatier CVS, Belfort R. The Challenge of Diabetic Retinopathy Standardization in an Ophthalmological Dataset. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2021; 15:1410-1411. [PMID: 34259085 PMCID: PMC8655300 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211029943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Luis Filipe Nakayama, MD, Department of
Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM - São Paulo (SP), Botucatu, Street,
821, Vila Clementino., São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Mariana B Gonçalves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Instituto Paulista de Estudos e Pesquisas em
Oftalmologia, IPEPO, Vision Institute, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of
Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Daniel A Ferraz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Instituto Paulista de Estudos e Pesquisas em
Oftalmologia, IPEPO, Vision Institute, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for
Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of
Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Helen N V Santos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Fernando K Malerbi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Paulo H Morales
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Instituto Paulista de Estudos e Pesquisas em
Oftalmologia, IPEPO, Vision Institute, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Mauricio Maia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Caio V S Regatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade
Federal de São Paulo - EPM - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
- Instituto Paulista de Estudos e Pesquisas em
Oftalmologia, IPEPO, Vision Institute, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Pereira Mendes M, Hickman R, Van Verk MC, Nieuwendijk NM, Reinstädler A, Panstruga R, Pieterse CMJ, Van Wees SCM. A family of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins is involved in plant disease resistance. Planta 2021; 253:102. [PMID: 33856567 PMCID: PMC8049917 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of pathogen-induced cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins (PCMs) in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance against biotrophic pathogens and stimulates hypocotyl growth, suggesting a potential role for PCMs in connecting both biological processes. Plants possess a sophisticated immune system to protect themselves against pathogen attack. The defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) is an important player in the plant immune gene regulatory network. Using RNA-seq time series data of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves treated with SA, we identified a largely uncharacterized SA-responsive gene family of eight members that are all activated in response to various pathogens or their immune elicitors and encode small proteins with cysteine-rich transmembrane domains. Based on their nucleotide similarity and chromosomal position, the designated Pathogen-induced Cysteine-rich transMembrane protein (PCM) genes were subdivided into three subgroups consisting of PCM1-3 (subgroup I), PCM4-6 (subgroup II), and PCM7-8 (subgroup III). Of the PCM genes, only PCM4 (also known as PCC1) has previously been implicated in plant immunity. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that most PCM proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Ectopic overexpression of the PCMs in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in all eight cases in enhanced resistance against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2. Additionally, overexpression of PCM subgroup I genes conferred enhanced resistance to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The PCM-overexpression lines were found to be also affected in the expression of genes related to light signaling and development, and accordingly, PCM-overexpressing seedlings displayed elongated hypocotyl growth. These results point to a function of PCMs in both disease resistance and photomorphogenesis, connecting both biological processes, possibly via effects on membrane structure or activity of interacting proteins at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciel Pereira Mendes
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hickman
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C Van Verk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Nieuwendijk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C M Van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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