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LeBlanc NR, Harrigian FC. Green Waste Compost Impacts Microbial Functions Related to Carbohydrate Use and Active Dispersal in Plant Pathogen-Infested Soil. Microb Ecol 2024; 87:44. [PMID: 38367043 PMCID: PMC10874327 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The effects of compost on physical and chemical characteristics of soil are well-studied but impacts on soil microbiomes are poorly understood. This research tested effects of green waste compost on bacterial communities in soil infested with the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Compost was added to pathogen-infested soil and maintained in mesocosms in a greenhouse experiment and replicated growth chamber experiments. Bacteria and F. oxysporum abundance were quantified using quantitative PCR. Taxonomic and functional characteristics of bacterial communities were measured using shotgun metagenome sequencing. Compost significantly increased bacterial abundance 8 weeks after amendment in one experiment. Compost increased concentrations of chemical characteristics of soil, including phosphorus, potassium, organic matter, and pH. In all experiments, compost significantly reduced abundance of F. oxysporum and altered the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities. Sixteen bacterial genera were significantly increased from compost in every experiment, potentially playing a role in pathogen suppression. In all experiments, there was a consistent negative effect of compost on functions related to carbohydrate use and a positive effect on bacteria with flagella. Results from this work demonstrate that compost can reduce the abundance of soilborne plant pathogens and raise questions about the role of microbes in plant pathogen suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R LeBlanc
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA.
| | - Fiona C Harrigian
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
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Cho E, Gurdon C, Zhao R, Peng H, Poulev A, Raskin I, Simko I. Phytochemical and Agronomic Characterization of High-Flavonoid Lettuce Lines Grown under Field Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3467. [PMID: 37836207 PMCID: PMC10574981 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are antioxidant phytochemicals that confer a beneficial effect on human health. We have previously developed and characterized eight lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) lines that accumulated high levels of diverse flavonoids and their precursors in controlled environment conditions. Three Rutgers Scarlet lettuce (RSL) lines selected in tissue culture for deep-red color (RSL-NAR, RSL-NBR, RSL-NFR) accumulate anthocyanins and quercetin, three lines identified in a chemically mutagenized red lettuce population accumulate kaempferol (KfoA and KfoB) or naringenin chalcone (Nco), and two lines that were spontaneous green mutants derived from the red line RSL-NAR (GSL, GSL-DG) accumulate quercetin. These eight lines were field-grown in the Salinas Valley of California for four years together with seven control accessions of varying colors (light green, dark green, red, and dark red). At market maturity, a substantial variation in plant composition was observed, but the three RSL lines consistently accumulated high levels of cyanidin, GSL and GSL-DG accumulated the highest levels of quercetin, KfoA and KfoB accumulated kaempferol, and Nco amassed naringenin chalcone, confirming that these mutant lines produce high levels of beneficial phytochemicals under field conditions. Mutant lines and control accessions were also assessed for their biomass production (plant weight, height, and width), overall content of pigments (leaf chlorophyll and anthocyanins), resistance to diseases (downy mildew, lettuce drop, and Impatiens necrotic spot virus), postharvest quality of processed tissue (deterioration and enzymatic discoloration), and composition of 23 mineral elements. All but one mutant line had a fresh plant weight at harvest comparable to commercial leaf cultivars; only Nco plants were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller. Therefore, except for Nco, the new, flavonoid hyperaccumulating lines can be considered for field cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Csanad Gurdon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Rebecca Zhao
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| | - Hui Peng
- Everglades Research and Education Center–Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;
| | - Alexander Poulev
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (E.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (I.R.)
| | - Ivan Simko
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
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Macias-González M, Truco MJ, Bertier LD, Jenni S, Simko I, Hayes RJ, Michelmore RW. Genetic architecture of tipburn resistance in lettuce. Theor Appl Genet 2019; 132:2209-2222. [PMID: 31055612 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two major QTLs for tipburn were identified in LGs 1 and 5 contributing to resistance in cv. Salinas. The findings suggest pleiotropic effects between leaf crinkliness/savoy and tipburn. Tipburn is a physiological disorder in lettuce that is thought to be caused by a localized deficiency of calcium in leaf tissues. To elucidate the genetic architecture of resistance to tipburn in lettuce, seven recombinant inbred line populations were analyzed in multiple environments and years to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tipburn. Core height, head firmness, head closure, leaf crinkliness, plant fresh weight, and leaf savoy were also analyzed to investigate whether QTLs for these morphological traits collocated with QTLs for tipburn, which would be indicative of pleiotropic effects. Twenty-three major, intermediate, and minor unique QTLs for tipburn were identified in one or more populations scattered throughout the genome. Two major QTLs for tipburn incidence were identified in linkage groups (LGs) 1 and 5, which determined up to 45 and 66% of the phenotypic variance. The major QTL in LG 1 collocated with the head firmness QTL. The major QTL in LG 5 collocated with the QTL for core height, leaf crinkliness, and head firmness. Further research is needed to determine whether these associations are due to pleiotropic effects of the same gene or if the genes determining these traits are tightly linked. The beneficial alleles at the QTLs in LGs 1 and 5 are present in Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas, the genotype sequenced for the reference genome assembly. Therefore, these QTLs are good targets to identify genes causing tipburn as well as regions for marker-assisted selection to improve resistance to tipburn in lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Macias-González
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Enza Zaden North America Research, Inc - San Juan Bautista, 525 Lucy Brown Lane, San Juan Bautista, CA, 95045, USA
| | - M J Truco
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - L D Bertier
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - S Jenni
- Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu, QC, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - I Simko
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Agricultural Research Station, 1636 E. Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - R J Hayes
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Secorrectlyrvice, Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331-8539, USA
| | - R W Michelmore
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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