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Nguyen TD, Chooi WH, Jeon H, Chen J, Tan J, Roxby DN, Lee CYP, Ng SY, Chew SY, Han J. Label-Free and High-Throughput Removal of Residual Undifferentiated Cells From iPSC-Derived Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:387-398. [PMID: 38321361 PMCID: PMC11016845 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of spinal cord progenitor cells (SCPCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has beneficial effects in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the presence of residual undifferentiated iPSCs among their differentiated progeny poses a high risk as these cells can develop teratomas or other types of tumors post-transplantation. Despite the need to remove these residual undifferentiated iPSCs, no specific surface markers can identify them for subsequent removal. By profiling the size of SCPCs after a 10-day differentiation process, we found that the large-sized group contains significantly more cells expressing pluripotent markers. In this study, we used a sized-based, label-free separation using an inertial microfluidic-based device to remove tumor-risk cells. The device can reduce the number of undifferentiated cells from an SCPC population with high throughput (ie, >3 million cells/minute) without affecting cell viability and functions. The sorted cells were verified with immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, and colony culture assay. We demonstrated the capabilities of our technology to reduce the percentage of OCT4-positive cells. Our technology has great potential for the "downstream processing" of cell manufacturing workflow, ensuring better quality and safety of transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Dai Nguyen
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungkook Jeon
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Manufacturing Systems and Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerome Tan
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel N Roxby
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Nguyen TD, Whitehead A, Wai N, Scherer GG, Simonov AN, Xu ZJ, MacFarlane DR. Advanced Electrolyte Formula for Robust Operation of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries at Elevated Temperatures. Small 2024:e2311771. [PMID: 38268308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient thermal stability of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) electrolytes at elevated temperatures (>40 °C) remains a challenge in the development and commercialization of this technology, which otherwise presents a broad range of technological advantages for the long-term storage of intermittent renewable energy. Herein, a new concept of combined additives is presented, which significantly increases thermal stability of the battery, enabling safe operation to the highest temperature (50 °C) tested to date. This is achieved by combining two chemically distinct additives-inorganic ammonium phosphate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant, which collectively decelerate both protonation and agglomeration of the oxo-vanadium species in solution and thereby significantly suppress detrimental formation of precipitates. Specifically, the precipitation rate is reduced by nearly 75% under static conditions at 50° C. This improvement is reflected in the robust operation of a complete VRFB device for over 300 h of continuous operation at 50 °C, achieving an impressive 83% voltage efficiency at 100 mA cm-2 current density, with no precipitation detected in either the electrode/flow-frame or electrolyte tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam D Nguyen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Adam Whitehead
- Invinity Energy Systems (UK) Ltd, Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland, EH48 2FG, UK
| | - Nyunt Wai
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | | | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
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Jiang Y, Lim AMH, Yan H, Zeng HC, Mirsaidov U. Phase Segregation in PdCu Alloy Nanoparticles During CO Oxidation Reaction at Atmospheric Pressure. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302663. [PMID: 37377354 PMCID: PMC10477843 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalysts are widely used in many heterogeneous gas-based reactions because they often outperform their monometallic counterparts. During these reactions, NPs often undergo structural changes, which impact their catalytic activity. Despite the important role of the structure in the catalytic activity, many aspects of how a reactive gaseous environment affects the structure of bimetallic nanocatalysts are still lacking. Here, using gas-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is shown that during a CO oxidation reaction over PdCu alloy NPs, the selective oxidation of Cu causes the segregation of Cu and transforms the NPs into Pd-CuO NPs. The segregated NPs are very stable and have high activity for the conversion of CO into CO2 . Based on the observations, the segregation of Cu from Cu-based alloys during a redox reaction is likely to be general and may have a positive impact on the catalytic activity. Hence, it is believed that similar insights based on direct observation of the reactions under relevant reactive conditions are critical both for understanding and designing high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiang
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingapore117551Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging SciencesDepartment of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117557Singapore
| | - Alvin M. H. Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore119260Singapore
| | - Hongwei Yan
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingapore117551Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging SciencesDepartment of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117557Singapore
| | - Hua Chun Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCollege of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore119260Singapore
| | - Utkur Mirsaidov
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingapore117551Singapore
- Centre for BioImaging SciencesDepartment of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117557Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research CentreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117546Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
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Michael E, Covarrubias LS, Leong V, Kourtzi Z. Learning at your brain's rhythm: individualized entrainment boosts learning for perceptual decisions. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:5382-5394. [PMID: 36352510 PMCID: PMC10152088 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Training is known to improve our ability to make decisions when interacting in complex environments. However, individuals vary in their ability to learn new tasks and acquire new skills in different settings. Here, we test whether this variability in learning ability relates to individual brain oscillatory states. We use a visual flicker paradigm to entrain individuals at their own brain rhythm (i.e. peak alpha frequency) as measured by resting-state electroencephalography (EEG). We demonstrate that this individual frequency-matched brain entrainment results in faster learning in a visual identification task (i.e. detecting targets embedded in background clutter) compared to entrainment that does not match an individual's alpha frequency. Further, we show that learning is specific to the phase relationship between the entraining flicker and the visual target stimulus. EEG during entrainment showed that individualized alpha entrainment boosts alpha power, induces phase alignment in the pre-stimulus period, and results in shorter latency of early visual evoked potentials, suggesting that brain entrainment facilitates early visual processing to support improved perceptual decisions. These findings suggest that individualized brain entrainment may boost perceptual learning by altering gain control mechanisms in the visual cortex, indicating a key role for individual neural oscillatory states in learning and brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Michael
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victoria Leong
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 6398818, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Zoe Kourtzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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Thamarath SS, Tee CA, Neo SH, Yang D, Othman R, Boyer LA, Han J. Rapid and Live-Cell Detection of Senescence in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Micro Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:266-280. [PMID: 36988042 PMCID: PMC10184698 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of cellular senescence is important quality analytics of cell therapy products, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, its detection is critically limited by the lack of specific markers and the destructive assays used to read out these markers. Here, we establish a rapid, live-cell assay for detecting senescent cells in heterogeneous mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) cultures. We report that the T2 relaxation time measured by microscale Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry, which is related to intracellular iron accumulation, correlates strongly with senescence markers in MSC cultures under diverse conditions, including different passages and donors, size-sorted MSCs by inertial spiral microfluidic device, and drug-induced senescence. In addition, the live-cell and non-destructive method presented here has general applicability to other cells and tissues and can critically advance our understanding of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Surendran Thamarath
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART)-Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) IRG 1 Create Way, Innovation Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Ann Tee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program is NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Hui Neo
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dahou Yang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rashidah Othman
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurie A Boyer
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART-Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP) IRG 1 Create Way, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART)-Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) IRG 1 Create Way, Innovation Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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