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Chaisupasakul P, Pekthong D, Wangteeraprasert A, Kaewkong W, Somran J, Kaewpaeng N, Parhira S, Srisawang P. Combination of ethyl acetate fraction from Calotropis gigantea stem bark and sorafenib induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300051. [PMID: 38527038 PMCID: PMC10962855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (C. gigantea) stem bark extract (CGEtOAc) has been demonstrated in many types of cancers. This study examined the improved cancer therapeutic activity of sorafenib when combined with CGEtOAc in HepG2 cells. The cell viability and cell migration assays were applied in HepG2 cells treated with varying concentrations of CGEtOAc, sorafenib, and their combination. Flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, which corresponded with a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of DNA fragmentation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed in combination with the expression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which was suggested for association with ROS-induced apoptosis. Combining CGEtOAc at 400 μg/mL with sorafenib at 4 μM, which were their respective half-IC50 concentrations, significantly inhibited HepG2 viability upon 24 h of exposure in comparison with the vehicle and each single treatment. Consequently, CGEtOAc when combined with sorafenib significantly diminished HepG2 migration and induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial-correlation mechanism. ROS production was speculated to be the primary mechanism of stimulating apoptosis in HepG2 cells after exposure to a combination of CGEtOAc and sorafenib, in association with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway suppression. Our results present valuable knowledge to support the development of anticancer regimens derived from the CGEtOAc with the chemotherapeutic agent sorafenib, both of which were administered at half-IC50, which may minimize the toxic implications of cancer treatments while improving the therapeutic effectiveness toward future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Chaisupasakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Kaewpaeng
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Saisin S, Panthong K, Hongthong S, Kuhakarn C, Thanasansurapong S, Chairoungdua A, Suksen K, Akkarawongsapat R, Napaswad C, Prabpai S, Nuntasaen N, Reutrakul V. Pyranonaphthoquinones and Naphthoquinones from the Stem Bark of Ventilago harmandiana and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activity. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:498-507. [PMID: 36787536 PMCID: PMC10043937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed compounds, including five pyranonaphthoquinones (ventilanones L-P) and two naphthoquinones (ventilanones Q and R), along with 15 known compounds were isolated from the stem bark of Ventilago harmandiana (Rhamnaceae). The structures were established by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of ventilanone L was established from single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis using Cu Kα radiation and from its electronic circular dichroism data. Anti-HIV-1 activity using a syncytium inhibition assay and the cytotoxic activities of some isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 12, 13, 15, and 16 showed activity against syncytium formation with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 9.9 to 47 μM (selectivity index (SI) 2.4-4.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwannee Saisin
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanda Panthong
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Prince
of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Hongthong
- Division
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sariyarach Thanasansurapong
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Radeekorn Akkarawongsapat
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chanita Napaswad
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samran Prabpai
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Narong Nuntasaen
- The Forest
Herbarium National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol
University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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