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Lu HI, Chen KL, Yen CY, Chen CY, Chien TM, Shu CW, Chen YH, Jeng JH, Chen BH, Chang HW. Michelia compressa-Derived Santamarine Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation via Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and DNA Damage. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:230. [PMID: 38399445 PMCID: PMC10892349 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-oral cancer effects of santamarine (SAMA), a Michelia compressa var. compressa-derived natural product, remain unclear. This study investigates the anticancer effects and acting mechanism of SAMA against oral cancer (OC-2 and HSC-3) in parallel with normal (Smulow-Glickman; S-G) cells. SAMA selectively inhibits oral cancer cell viability more than normal cells, reverted by the oxidative stress remover N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The evidence of oxidative stress generation, such as the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide and the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione, further supports this ROS-dependent selective antiproliferation. SAMA arrests oral cancer cells at the G2/M phase. SAMA triggers apoptosis (annexin V) in oral cancer cells and activates caspases 3, 8, and 9. SAMA enhances two types of DNA damage in oral cancer cells, such as γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Moreover, all of these anticancer mechanisms of SAMA are more highly expressed in oral cancer cells than in normal cells in concentration and time course experiments. These above changes are attenuated by NAC, suggesting that SAMA exerts mechanisms of selective antiproliferation that depend on oxidative stress while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Liang Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-L.C.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Dentistry, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; (K.-L.C.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan;
| | - Tsu-Ming Chien
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Bachelor Program of Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Bachelor Program of Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Yu TJ, Tang JY, Ou-Yang F, Wang YY, Yuan SSF, Tseng K, Lin LC, Chang HW. Low Concentration of Withaferin a Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Mediated Migration and Invasion in Oral Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E777. [PMID: 32429564 PMCID: PMC7277689 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) has been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation based on high cytotoxic concentrations. However, the low cytotoxic effect of WFA in regulating cancer cell migration is rarely investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in migration and mechanisms of oral cancer Ca9-22 cells after low concentrations of WFA treatment. WFA under 0.5 μM at 24 h treatment shows no cytotoxicity to oral cancer Ca9-22 cells (~95% viability). Under this condition, WFA triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibits 2D (wound healing) and 3D cell migration (transwell) and Matrigel invasion. Mechanically, WFA inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities but induces mRNA expression for a group of antioxidant genes, such as nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)) in Ca9-22 cells. Moreover, WFA induces mild phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 expression. All WFA-induced changes were suppressed by the presence of ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, these results suggest that low concentration of WFA retains potent ROS-mediated anti-migration and -invasion abilities for oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (S.-S.F.Y.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (S.-S.F.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Tseng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.W.); (S.-S.F.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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