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Thakrar SK, Tessum CW, Apte JS, Balasubramanian S, Millet DB, Pandis SN, Marshall JD, Hill JD. Global, high-resolution, reduced-complexity air quality modeling for PM2.5 using InMAP (Intervention Model for Air Pollution). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268714. [PMID: 35613109 PMCID: PMC9132322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, millions of premature deaths worldwide are caused by exposure to outdoor air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Designing policies to reduce these deaths relies on air quality modeling for estimating changes in PM2.5 concentrations from many scenarios at high spatial resolution. However, air quality modeling typically has substantial requirements for computation and expertise, which limits policy design, especially in countries where most PM2.5-related deaths occur. Lower requirement reduced-complexity models exist but are generally unavailable worldwide. Here, we adapt InMAP, a reduced-complexity model originally developed for the United States, to simulate annual-average primary and secondary PM2.5 concentrations across a global-through-urban spatial domain: “Global InMAP”. Global InMAP uses a variable resolution grid, with horizontal grid cell widths ranging from 500 km in remote locations to 4km in urban locations. We evaluate Global InMAP performance against both measurements and a state-of-the-science chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem. Against measurements, InMAP predicts total PM2.5 concentrations with a normalized mean error of 62%, compared to 41% for GEOS-Chem. For the emission scenarios considered, Global InMAP reproduced GEOS-Chem pollutant concentrations with a normalized mean bias of 59%–121%, which is sufficient for initial policy assessment and scoping. Global InMAP can be run on a desktop computer; simulations here took 2.6–8.4 hours. This work presents a global, open-source, reduced-complexity air quality model to facilitate policy assessment worldwide, providing a screening tool for reducing air pollution-related deaths where they occur most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumil K. Thakrar
- Department of Bioproducts & Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKT); (JDH)
| | - Christopher W. Tessum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Apte
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Srinidhi Balasubramanian
- Department of Bioproducts & Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Spyros N. Pandis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Julian D. Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Hill
- Department of Bioproducts & Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SKT); (JDH)
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