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Štšepetova J, Truu J, Runnel R, Nõmmela R, Saag M, Olak J, Nõlvak H, Preem JK, Oopkaup K, Krjutškov K, Honkala E, Honkala S, Mäkinen K, Mäkinen PL, Vahlberg T, Vermeiren J, Bosscher D, de Cock P, Mändar R. Impact of polyols on Oral microbiome of Estonian schoolchildren. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:60. [PMID: 30999906 PMCID: PMC6471963 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral microbiome has significant impact on both oral and general health. Polyols have been promoted as sugar substitutes in prevention of oral diseases. We aimed to reveal the effect of candies containing erythritol, xylitol or control (sorbitol) on salivary microbiome. METHODS Ninety children (11.3 ± 0.6 years) consumed candies during 3 years. Microbial communities were profiled using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing and real-time PCR. RESULTS The dominant phyla in saliva were Firmicutes (39.1%), Proteobacteria (26.1%), Bacteroidetes (14.7%), Actinobacteria (12%) and Fusobacteria (6%). The microbiome of erythritol group significantly differed from that of the other groups. Both erythritol and xylitol reduced the number of observed bacterial phylotypes in comparison to the control group. The relative abundance of the genera Veillonella, Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were higher while that of Bergeyella lower after erythritol intervention when comparing with control. The lowest prevalence of caries-related mutans streptococci corresponded with the lowest clinical caries markers in the erythritol group. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of erythritol, xylitol or control candies has a specific influence on the salivary microbiome composition in schoolchildren. Erythritol is associated with the lowest prevalence of caries-related mutans streptococci and the lowest levels of clinical caries experience. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01062633.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Štšepetova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Truu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riina Runnel
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Nõmmela
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mare Saag
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jana Olak
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hiie Nõlvak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jens-Konrad Preem
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristjan Oopkaup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Eino Honkala
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sisko Honkala
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Kauko Mäkinen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tero Vahlberg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Reet Mändar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
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Marjonen H, Auvinen P, Kahila H, Tšuiko O, Kõks S, Tiirats A, Viltrop T, Tuuri T, Söderström-Anttila V, Suikkari AM, Salumets A, Tiitinen A, Kaminen-Ahola N. rs10732516 polymorphism at the IGF2/H19 locus associates with genotype-specific effects on placental DNA methylation and birth weight of newborns conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:80. [PMID: 29946374 PMCID: PMC6006593 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been associated with low birth weight of fresh embryo transfer (FRESH) derived and increased birth weight of frozen embryo transfer (FET)-derived newborns. Owing to that, we focused on imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)/H19 locus known to be important for normal growth. This locus is regulated by H19 imprinting control region (ICR) with seven binding sites for the methylation-sensitive zinc finger regulatory protein (CTCF). A polymorphism rs10732516 G/A in the sixth binding site for CTCF, associates with a genotype-specific trend to the DNA methylation. Due to this association, 62 couples with singleton pregnancies derived from FRESH (44 IVF/18 ICSI), 24 couples from FET (15 IVF/9 ICSI), and 157 couples with spontaneously conceived pregnancies as controls were recruited in Finland and Estonia for genotype-specific examination. DNA methylation levels at the H19 ICR, H19 DMR, and long interspersed nuclear elements in placental tissue were explored by MassARRAY EpiTYPER (n = 122). Allele-specific changes in the methylation level of H19 ICR in placental tissue (n = 26) and white blood cells (WBC, n = 8) were examined by bisulfite sequencing. Newborns' (n = 243) anthropometrics was analyzed by using international growth standards. Results A consistent trend of genotype-specific decreased methylation level was observed in paternal allele of rs10732516 paternal A/maternal G genotype, but not in paternal G/maternal A genotype, at H19 ICR in ART placentas. This hypomethylation was not detected in WBCs. Also genotype-specific differences in FRESH-derived newborns' birth weight and head circumference were observed (P = 0.04, P = 0.004, respectively): FRESH-derived newborns with G/G genotype were heavier (P = 0.04) and had larger head circumference (P = 0.002) compared to newborns with A/A genotype. Also, the placental weight and birth weight of controls, FRESH- and FET-derived newborns differed significantly in rs10732516 A/A genotype (P = 0.024, P = 0.006, respectively): the placentas and newborns of FET-derived pregnancies were heavier compared to FRESH-derived pregnancies (P = 0.02, P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions The observed DNA methylation changes together with the phenotypic findings suggest that rs10732516 polymorphism associates with the effects of ART in a parent-of-origin manner. Therefore, this polymorphism should be considered when the effects of environmental factors on embryonic development are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Marjonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Auvinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Kahila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Airi Tiirats
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Paediatric ICU, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Viltrop
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viveca Söderström-Anttila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- The Family Federation of Finland, Fertility Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aila Tiitinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Kaminen-Ahola
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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