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Weichert L, Düsedau HP, Fritzsch D, Schreier S, Scharf A, Grashoff M, Cebulski K, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Erck C, Lienenklaus S, Dunay IR, Kröger A. Astrocytes evoke a robust IRF7-independent type I interferon response upon neurotropic viral infection. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:213. [PMID: 37737190 PMCID: PMC10515022 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN-I) are fundamental in controlling viral infections but fatal interferonopathy is restricted in the immune-privileged central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to the well-established role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) in the regulation of IFN-I response in the periphery, little is known about the specific function in the CNS. METHODS To investigate the role for IRF7 in antiviral response during neurotropic virus infection, mice deficient for IRF3 and IRF7 were infected systemically with Langat virus (LGTV). Viral burden and IFN-I response was analyzed in the periphery and the CNS by focus formation assay, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and in vivo imaging. Microglia and infiltration of CNS-infiltration of immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that during infection with the neurotropic Langat virus (LGTV), an attenuated member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) subgroup, neurons do not rely on IRF7 for cell-intrinsic antiviral resistance and IFN-I induction. An increased viral replication in IRF7-deficient mice suggests an indirect antiviral mechanism. Astrocytes rely on IRF7 to establish a cell-autonomous antiviral response. Notably, the loss of IRF7 particularly in astrocytes resulted in a high IFN-I production. Sustained production of IFN-I in astrocytes is independent of an IRF7-mediated positive feedback loop. CONCLUSION IFN-I induction in the CNS is profoundly regulated in a cell type-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Weichert
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Peter Düsedau
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - David Fritzsch
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schreier
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Scharf
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Grashoff
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Cebulski
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Erck
- Cellular Proteome Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and inflammation (GC-I3), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Braun Science (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and inflammation (GC-I3), Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Braun Science (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Fujitani M, McFall A, Randler C, Arlinghaus R. Participatory adaptive management leads to environmental learning outcomes extending beyond the sphere of science. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602516. [PMID: 28630904 PMCID: PMC5470829 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Resolving uncertainties in managed social-ecological systems requires adaptive experimentation at whole-ecosystem levels. However, whether participatory adaptive management fosters ecological understanding among stakeholders beyond the sphere of science is unknown. We experimentally involved members of German angling clubs (n = 181 in workshops, n = 2483 in total) engaged in self-governance of freshwater fisheries resources in a large-scale ecological experiment of active adaptive management of fish stocking, which constitutes a controversial management practice for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning when conducted inappropriately. The collaborative ecological experiments spanned several years and manipulated fish densities in 24 lakes with two species. In parallel, we experimentally compared changes in ecological knowledge and antecedents of proenvironmental behavior in stakeholders and managers who were members of a participatory adaptive management treatment group, with those receiving only a standard lecture, relative to placebo controls. Using a within-subjects pretest-posttest control design, changes in ecological knowledge, environmental beliefs, attitudes, norms, and behavioral intentions were evaluated. Participants in adaptive management retained more knowledge of ecological topics after a period of 8 months compared to those receiving a standard lecture, both relative to controls. Involvement in adaptive management was also the only treatment that altered personal norms and beliefs related to stocking. Critically, only the stakeholders who participated in adaptive management reduced their behavioral intentions to engage in fish stocking in the future. Adaptive management is essential for robust ecological knowledge, and we show that involving stakeholders in adaptive management experiments is a powerful tool to enhance ecological literacy and build environmental capacity to move toward sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fujitani
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andrew McFall
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Institute of Science, Geography, and Technology, University of Education Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 561, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences and Integrative Research Institute for the Transformation of Human-Environment Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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