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Wang X, Hu S, Lu H. Pulmonary salivary gland tumor-hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma: a literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:37. [PMID: 38389101 PMCID: PMC10882834 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a very rare lung tumor that accounts for less than 0.09% of all primary lung tumors and has no specific epidemiology. The correct diagnosis requires imaging, laboratory, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular examination. The most typical feature of pulmonary HCCC is the clear cell component with clear stroma. In addition, the fusion gene EWSR1::ATF1 due to t(12;22)(q13;q12) is essential for the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary HCCC. The main treatment for pulmonary HCCC is surgery. This review focus on the pathological features, immunohistochemical examination, mutation analysis and treatment of pulmonary HCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology On Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology On Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology On Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a recently described smoking-related malignancy. The pathogenesis of SMARCA4-UT is the mutational inactivation and loss of expression of a subunit encoding the mammalian switch/sucrose nonfermenting ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling complex (which can be mobilized using adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis nucleosomes and regulate other cellular processes including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis), in particular SMARCA4 and SMARCA2. The dynamic activity of this complex plays an important role in regulating the activation and repression of gene expression programs. SMARCA4-UT exhibits morphological features similar to the malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), small cell carcinoma of the ovary of the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), and INI1-deficient tumor, but SMARCA4-UT differs from SCCOHT and MRT from a genomic perspective. SMARCA4-UT mainly involves the mediastinum and lung parenchyma, and appears as a large infiltrative mass that easily compresses surrounding tissues. At present, chemotherapy is a common treatment, but its efficacy is not clear. Moreover, the inhibitor of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 showed promising efficacy in some patients with SMARCA4-UT. This study aimed to review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SMARCA4-UT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Jiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Jiali Gong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Na Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Hongyang Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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