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Gallo FT, Spiousas I, Herrero NL, Godoy D, Tommasel A, Gasca-Rolin M, Ramele R, Gleiser PM, Forcato C. Structural differences between non-lucid dreams, lucid dreams and out-of-body experience reports assessed by graph analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19579. [PMID: 37949978 PMCID: PMC10638299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dreaming is a complex phenomenon that occurs during sleep, involving various conscious dream experiences. Lucid dreams (LDs) involve heightened awareness within the dream environment, while out-of-body experiences (OBEs) involve the sensation of being outside one's physical body. OBEs occur during sleep paralysis (SP), where voluntary movements are inhibited during sleep/wake transitions while remaining aware of the surroundings. The relationship between LDs and OBEs is debated, with some viewing them as distinct phenomena and others considering them different manifestations of the same underlying experience. This study aimed to characterize non-lucid dreams, LDs, and OBEs by analyzing dream reports' structural properties. OBE reports displayed a condensed and interconnected network structure compared to non-lucid dreams and LDs. Additionally, OBE reports exhibited a specialized network structure, with specific nodes playing a more central role. These findings suggest that OBE dreams may have a more coherent and unified narrative, with certain nodes being pivotal in the network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T Gallo
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Iguazú 341, (1437) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (1425) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (1425) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Sensorimotor Dynamics Lab (LDSM), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo y la Experiencia (LITERA), Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Argentina
| | - Nerea L Herrero
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Iguazú 341, (1437) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (1425) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Godoy
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (1425) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Ingeniería de Software Tandil (CONICET/UNCPBA), Tandil, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Antonela Tommasel
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, (1425) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Ingeniería de Software Tandil (CONICET/UNCPBA), Tandil, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - Miguel Gasca-Rolin
- Asociación Internacional de Onironautas, Carmelo Betore Bergua 2 Casa 6 9C, 50014, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramele
- Centro de Inteligencia Computacional, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Iguazú 341, (1437) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Gleiser
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia de Sistemas Complejos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Iguazú 341, (1437) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Forcato
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Memoria, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Iguazú 341, (1437) Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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