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Dubey N, Chandra S. Miniaturized Biosensors Based on Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Polymeric Nanofibers. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:116. [PMID: 38534223 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers possess a large surface area and a three-dimensional porous network that makes them a perfect material for embedding functional nanoparticles for diverse applications. Herein, we report the trends in embedding upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in polymeric nanofibers for making an advanced miniaturized (bio)analytical device. UCNPs have the benefits of several optical properties, like near-infrared excitation, anti-Stokes emission over a wide range from UV to NIR, narrow emission bands, an extended lifespan, and photostability. The luminescence of UCNPs can be regulated using different lanthanide elements and can be used for sensing and tracking physical processes in biological systems. We foresee that a UCNP-based nanofiber sensing platform will open opportunities in developing cost-effective, miniaturized, portable and user-friendly point-of-care sensing device for monitoring (bio)analytical processes. Major challenges in developing microfluidic (bio)analytical systems based on UCNPs@nanofibers have been reviewed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sudeshna Chandra
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg-Institute for Advanced Study (HWK), Lehmkuhlenbusch 4, 27753 Delmenhorst, Germany
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Osella S, Goddard III WA. CO 2 Reduction to Methane and Ethylene on a Single-Atom Catalyst: A Grand Canonical Quantum Mechanics Study. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21319-21329. [PMID: 37729535 PMCID: PMC10557142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOF) have attracted great interest for their ease of synthesis and for their catalytic activities and semiconducting properties. The appeal of these materials is that they are layered and easily exfoliated to obtain a monolayer (or few layer) material with interesting optoelectronic properties. Moreover, they have great potential for CO2 reduction to obtain solar fuels with more than one carbon atom, such as ethylene and ethanol, in addition to methane and methanol. In this paper, we explore how a particular class of 2D MOF based on a phthalocyanine core provides the reactive center for the production of ethylene and ethanol. We examine the reaction mechanism using the new grand canonical potential kinetics (GCP-K) or grand canonical quantum mechanics (GC-QM) computational methodology, which obtains reaction rates at constant applied potential to compare directly with experimental results (rather than at constant electrons as in standard QM). We explain the reaction mechanism underlying the formation of methane and ethylene. Here, the key reaction step is direct coupling of CO into CHO, without the usual rate-determining CO-CO dimerization step observed on Cu metal surfaces. Indeed, the 2D MOF behaves like a single-atom catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Osella
- Chemical
and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California
Institute of Technology, MC 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A. Goddard III
- Materials
and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California
Institute of Technology, MC 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Mertens TG, Turiaci GJ. Solvable models of quantum black holes: a review on Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. Living Rev Relativ 2023; 26:4. [PMID: 37533554 PMCID: PMC10390458 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-023-00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
We review recent developments in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. This is a simple solvable model of quantum gravity in two dimensions (that arises e.g. from the s-wave sector of higher dimensional gravity systems with spherical symmetry). Due to its solvability, it has proven to be a fruitful toy model to analyze important questions such as the relation between black holes and chaos, the role of wormholes in black hole physics and holography, and the way in which information that falls into a black hole can be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Mertens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281-S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo J. Turiaci
- Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ USA
- Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Kehle C, Ramos JPG. Uniqueness of Solutions to Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations from their Zeros. Ann PDE 2022; 8:21. [PMID: 36119810 PMCID: PMC9470623 DOI: 10.1007/s40818-022-00138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We show novel types of uniqueness and rigidity results for Schrödinger equations in either the nonlinear case or in the presence of a complex-valued potential. As our main result we obtain that the trivial solution u = 0 is the only solution for which the assumptions u ( t = 0 ) | D = 0 , u ( t = T ) | D = 0 hold, where D ⊂ R d are certain subsets of codimension one. In particular, D is discrete for dimension d = 1 . Our main theorem can be seen as a nonlinear analogue of discrete Fourier uniqueness pairs such as the celebrated Radchenko-Viazovska formula in [21], and the uniqueness result of the second author and M. Sousa for powers of integers [22]. As an additional application, we deduce rigidity results for solutions to some semilinear elliptic equations from their zeros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kehle
- Institute for Advanced Study, School of Mathematics, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ USA
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Theoretical Studies, Clausiusstrasse 47, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - João P. G. Ramos
- ETH Zürich, Department of Mathematics, Rämisstrasse 101, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Martin CR, Leith GA, Shustova NB. Beyond structural motifs: the frontier of actinide-containing metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7214-7230. [PMID: 34163816 PMCID: PMC8171348 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we feature recent advances in the field of actinide-containing metal-organic frameworks (An-MOFs) with a main focus on their electronic, catalytic, photophysical, and sorption properties. This discussion deviates from a strictly crystallographic analysis of An-MOFs, reported in several reviews, or synthesis of novel structural motifs, and instead delves into the remarkable potential of An-MOFs for evolving the nuclear waste administration sector. Currently, the An-MOF field is dominated by thorium- and uranium-containing structures, with only a few reports on transuranic frameworks. However, some of the reported properties in the field of An-MOFs foreshadow potential implementation of these materials and are the main focus of this report. Thus, this perspective intends to provide a glimpse into the challenges, triumphs, and future directions of An-MOFs in sectors ranging from the traditional realm of gas sorption and separation to recently emerging areas such as electronics and photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA
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Wing PA, Davenne T, Wettengel J, Lai AG, Zhuang X, Chakraborty A, D'Arienzo V, Kramer C, Ko C, Harris JM, Schreiner S, Higgs M, Roessler S, Parish JL, Protzer U, Balfe P, Rehwinkel J, McKeating JA. A dual role for SAMHD1 in regulating HBV cccDNA and RT-dependent particle genesis. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900355. [PMID: 30918010 PMCID: PMC6438393 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is one of the world's unconquered diseases with more than 240 million infected subjects at risk of developing liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus reverse transcribes pre-genomic RNA to relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) that comprises the infectious particle. To establish infection of a naïve target cell, the newly imported rcDNA is repaired by host enzymes to generate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which forms the transcriptional template for viral replication. SAMHD1 is a component of the innate immune system that regulates deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels required for host and viral DNA synthesis. Here, we show a positive role for SAMHD1 in regulating cccDNA formation, where KO of SAMHD1 significantly reduces cccDNA levels that was reversed by expressing wild-type but not a mutated SAMHD1 lacking the nuclear localization signal. The limited pool of cccDNA in infected Samhd1 KO cells is transcriptionally active, and we observed a 10-fold increase in newly synthesized rcDNA-containing particles, demonstrating a dual role for SAMHD1 to both facilitate cccDNA genesis and to restrict reverse transcriptase-dependent particle genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ac Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamara Davenne
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jochen Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Catharina Kramer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunkyu Ko
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - James M Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Higgs
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Immunity and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joanna L Parish
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Immunity and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Balfe
- Institutes of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Immunity and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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