1
|
Fujihara Y, Miyata H, Abbasi F, Larasati T, Nozawa K, Yu Z, Ikawa M, Matzuk MM. Tex46 knockout male mice are sterile secondary to sperm head malformations and failure to penetrate through the zona pellucida. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae108. [PMID: 38516277 PMCID: PMC10957234 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Each year, infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide, with 50% of cases attributed to men. It is assumed that sperm head shape is important for sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) penetration but research has yet to elucidate why. We generated testis expressed 46 (Tex46) knockout mice to investigate the essential roles of TEX46 in mammalian reproduction. We used RT-PCR to demonstrate that Tex46 was expressed exclusively in the male reproductive tract in mice and humans. We created Tex46-/- mice using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and analyzed their fertility. Tex46 null spermatozoa underwent further evaluation using computer-assisted sperm analysis, light microscopy, and ultrastructural microscopy. We used immunoblot analysis to elucidate relationships between TEX46 and other acrosome biogenesis-related proteins. Mouse and human TEX46 are testis-enriched and encode a transmembrane protein which is conserved from amphibians to mammals. Loss of the mouse TEX46 protein causes male sterility primarily due to abnormal sperm head formation and secondary effects on sperm motility. Tex46 null spermatozoa morphologically lack the typical hooked sperm head appearance and fail to penetrate through the ZP. Electron microscopy of the testicular germ cells reveals malformation of the acrosomal cap, with misshapen sperm head tips and the appearance of a gap between the acrosome head and the nucleus. TEX46 is essential for sperm head formation, sperm penetration through the ZP, and male fertility in mice, and is a putative contraceptive target in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ferheen Abbasi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tamara Larasati
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Nozawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kanaoka K, Nishida T, Iwanaga Y, Nakai M, Tonegawa-Kuji R, Nishioka Y, Myojin T, Okada K, Noda T, Kusano K, Miyamoto Y, Saito Y, Imamura T. Oral anticoagulation after atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: benefits and risks. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:522-534. [PMID: 38117227 PMCID: PMC10873714 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few recent large-scale studies have evaluated the risks and benefits of continuing oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy after catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study evaluated the status of continuation of OAC therapy and the association between continuation of OAC therapy and thromboembolic and bleeding events according to the CHADS2 score. METHODS This retrospective study included data from the Japanese nationwide administrative claims database of patients who underwent CA for AF between April 2014 and March 2021. Patients without AF recurrence assessed by administrative data of the treatment modalities were divided into two groups according to continuation of OAC therapy 6 months after the index CA. The primary outcomes were thromboembolism and major bleeding after a landmark period of 6 months. After inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, the association between OAC continuation and outcomes was determined according to the CHADS2 score. RESULTS Among 231 374 patients included, 69.7%, 21.6%, and 8.7% had CHADS2 scores of ≤1, 2, and ≥3, respectively. Of these, 71% continued OAC therapy at 6 months. The OAC continuation rate was higher in the high CHADS2 score group than that in the low CHADS2 score group. Among all patients, 2451 patients (0.55 per 100 person-years) had thromboembolism and 2367 (0.53 per 100 person-years) had major bleeding. In the CHADS2 score ≤1 group, the hazard ratio of the continued OAC group was 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-1.01, P = .06] for thromboembolism and was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.27-1.80, P < .001) for major bleeding. In the CHADS2 score ≥3 group, the hazard ratio of the continued OAC group was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.46-0.82, P = .001) for thromboembolism and was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.71-1.56, P = 0.81) for major bleeding. CONCLUSIONS This observational study suggests that the benefits and risks of continuing OAC therapy after CA for AF differ based on the patient's CHADS2 score. The risk of major bleeding due to OAC continuation seems to outweigh the risk reduction of thromboembolism in patients with lower thromboembolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Kanaoka
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Kishibe-Shimmachi 6-1, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Taku Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Iwanaga
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Kishibe-Shimmachi 6-1, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Sakurabashi-Watanabe Hospital, Umeda 2-4-32, Osaka, Osaka 530-0001, Japan
| | - Michikazu Nakai
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Kishibe-Shimmachi 6-1, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Reina Tonegawa-Kuji
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Kishibe-Shimmachi 6-1, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishioka
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Myojin
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsuki Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Noda
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kengo Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Open Innovation Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center, Sango, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imamura
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barragan AC, Collenberg M, Wang J, Lee RRQ, Cher WY, Rabanal FA, Ashkenazy H, Weigel D, Chae E. A Truncated Singleton NLR Causes Hybrid Necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:557-574. [PMID: 32966577 PMCID: PMC7826191 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid necrosis in plants arises from conflict between divergent alleles of immunity genes contributed by different parents, resulting in autoimmunity. We investigate a severe hybrid necrosis case in Arabidopsis thaliana, where the hybrid does not develop past the cotyledon stage and dies 3 weeks after sowing. Massive transcriptional changes take place in the hybrid, including the upregulation of most NLR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat) disease-resistance genes. This is due to an incompatible interaction between the singleton TIR-NLR gene DANGEROUS MIX 10 (DM10), which was recently relocated from a larger NLR cluster, and an unlinked locus, DANGEROUS MIX 11 (DM11). There are multiple DM10 allelic variants in the global A. thaliana population, several of which have premature stop codons. One of these, which has a truncated LRR-PL (leucine-rich repeat [LRR]-post-LRR) region, corresponds to the DM10 risk allele. The DM10 locus and the adjacent genomic region in the risk allele carriers are highly differentiated from those in the nonrisk carriers in the global A. thaliana population, suggesting that this allele became geographically widespread only relatively recently. The DM11 risk allele is much rarer and found only in two accessions from southwestern Spain-a region from which the DM10 risk haplotype is absent-indicating that the ranges of DM10 and DM11 risk alleles may be nonoverlapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Collenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jinge Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachelle R Q Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yuan Cher
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fernando A Rabanal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Haim Ashkenazy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eunyoung Chae
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miki K, Kitada S, Miki M, Hui SP, Shrestha R, Yoshimura K, Tsujino K, Kagawa H, Oshitani Y, Kida H, Maekura R, Kangawa K. A phase II, open-label clinical trial on the combination therapy with medium-chain triglycerides and ghrelin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:969-979. [PMID: 31595463 PMCID: PMC10716959 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of activated ghrelin with dietary octanoic acids or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) administration to underweight patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eleven severe and very severe COPD patients received a 5-day treatment with edible MCT. Sequentially, 10 patients received a 3-week combination treatment with MCT and intravenous acyl ghrelin. Five-day MCT treatment increased endogenous acyl ghrelin (p = 0.0049), but the total ghrelin level was unchanged. MCT-ghrelin combination treatment improved the peak oxygen uptake (p = 0.0120) during whole treatment course. This effect was attributed to the resultant improvements in cardiac function by O2 pulse, and to the difference between inspired and expired oxygen concentration rather than minute ventilation. Addition of dietary MCT to ghrelin treatment improved the aerobic capacity of underweight COPD patients, likely by mechanisms of increased O2 delivery through improvements in primary cardiocirculatory and muscular crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan.
| | - Seigo Kitada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rojeet Shrestha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi-5, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Yohei Oshitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Ryoji Maekura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Jikei Institute, Miyahara 1-2-8, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1, Kishibeshinmachi, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|