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Ilomuanya MO, Salako BB, Ologunagba MO, Shonekan OO, Owodeha-Ashaka K, Osahon ES, Amenaghawon AN. Formulation and Optimization of Metronidazole and Lactobacillus spp. Layered Suppositories via a Three-Variable, Five-Level Central Composite Design for the Management of Bacterial Vaginosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2337. [PMID: 36365154 PMCID: PMC9694961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis, a polymicrobial clinical syndrome characterized by a shift in healthy vaginal microbiota due to bacterial colonization, is characterized by high recurrence rates after conventional treatment with an antimicrobial agent. This has necessitated the need to develop a formulation that has the potential to ensure Lactobacilli viability and bacterial clearance. This study seeks to develop and optimize a layered suppository using a five-level central composite design to ensure optimized metronidazole release and lactic acid viability. Layered suppositories were formulated using the fusion method using polyethylene glycol blend 1500/4000 and Ovucire® as suppository bases. Lactobacillus fermentum was incorporated in the molten mass before molding the solid body suppositories into the cavity of hollow-type suppositories and sealing the molten excipients. Artificial neural network model predictions for product optimization showed high predictive capacity, closely resembling experimental observations. The highest disintegration time recorded was 12.76 ± 0.37 min, with the optimized formulations showing lower times of 5.93 ± 0.98 min and an average weight of 1.17 ± 0.07 g. Histopathological observations determined high compatibility of suppositories with vaginal cells with no distortion or wearing of the vagina epithelium. This optimized formulation provides a safe and promising alternative to conventional suppositories in the treatment and prevention of the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O. Ilomuanya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos 101245, Nigeria
| | - Busayo B. Salako
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos 101245, Nigeria
| | - Modupe O. Ologunagba
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos 101245, Nigeria
| | - Omonike O. Shonekan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos 101245, Nigeria
| | - Kruga Owodeha-Ashaka
- Waterford Institute of Technology, School of Science and Computing, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland
| | - Eseosa S. Osahon
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos 101245, Nigeria
| | - Andrew N. Amenaghawon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City 300283, Nigeria
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