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Uyeh DD, Mallipeddi R, Park T, Woo S, Ha Y. Technological Advancements and Economics in Plant Production Systems: How to Retrofit? Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:929672. [PMID: 35860536 PMCID: PMC9289745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant production systems such as plant factories and greenhouses can help promote resilience in food production. These systems could be used for plant protection and aid in controlling the micro- and macro- environments needed for optimal plant growth irrespective of natural disasters and changing climate conditions. However, to ensure optimal environmental controls and efficient production, several technologies such as sensors and robots have been developed and are at different stages of implementation. New and improved systems are continuously being investigated and developed with technological advances such as robotics, sensing, and artificial intelligence to mitigate hazards to humans working in these systems from poor ventilation and harsh weather while improving productivity. These technological advances necessitate frequent retrofits considering local contexts such as present and projected labor costs. The type of agricultural products also affects measures to be implemented to maximize returns on investment. Consequently, we formulated the retrofitting problem for plant production systems considering two objectives; minimizing the total cost for retrofitting and maximizing the yearly net profit. Additionally, we considered the following: (a) cost of new technologies; (b) present and projected cost for human labor and robotics; (c) size and service life of the plant production system; (d) productivity before and after retrofit, (e) interest on loans for retrofitting, (f) energy consumption before and after retrofit and, (g) replacement and maintenance cost of systems. We solved this problem using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that results in a set of compromised solutions and performed several simulations to demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the method. Results showed up to a 250% increase in annual net profits in an investigated case, indicating that the availability of all the possible retrofitting combinations would improve decision making. A user-friendly system was developed to provide all the feasible retrofitting combinations and total costs with the yearly return on investment in agricultural production systems in a single run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dooyum Uyeh
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Upland-Field Machinery Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rammohan Mallipeddi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tusan Park
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Woo
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Upland-Field Machinery Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yushin Ha
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Upland-Field Machinery Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Kwak JH, Kim Y, Ryu SI, Lee M, Lee H, Lim YP, Paik JK. Anti-inflammatory effect from extracts of Red Chinese cabbage and Aronia in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1898-1903. [PMID: 32328255 PMCID: PMC7174213 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic inflammatory environment facilitates tumor growth and proliferation. Fruits and vegetables are important sources of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and other biologically active substances that can favorably affect the pathogenesis of cancer. The objective of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Red Chinese cabbage (RC) and mixture of commercial Red Chinese cabbage leaves and Aronia fruits (ARC) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were cultured and measured the cytotoxicity by using an MTT assay. The inflammatory markers, such as nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-alpha expression, were evaluated using ELISA, and protein expression of inflammatory markers like iNOS and COX-2 was analyzed using Western blot. MTT assays showed that pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with RC and ARC did not change cell growth or cytotoxicity. We also found that ARC extracts reduced inflammation-related biomarker (TNF-a, IL-6, and NO) production and gene expression (iNOS, COX-2). Our results suggested that ARC has good anti-inflammatory properties compared with RC that maybe used as potential nutrients for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and NutritionEulji UniversitySeongnamKorea
| | - Yoonji Kim
- Department of Food and NutritionEulji UniversitySeongnamKorea
- Nutrition TeamWonkwang University Sanbon HospitalGunpoKorea
| | - Soo In Ryu
- Department of Food Technology and ServicesEulji UniversitySeongnamKorea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Food Technology and ServicesEulji UniversitySeongnamKorea
| | - Hyo‐Jeong Lee
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics LaboratoryDepartment of HorticultureChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jean Kyung Paik
- Department of Food and NutritionEulji UniversitySeongnamKorea
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Kim G, Kim Y, Yoon S, Kim S, Yi SS. Sleep-inducing effect of Passiflora incarnata L. extract by single and repeated oral administration in rodent animals. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:557-566. [PMID: 31993179 PMCID: PMC6977488 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cost of insomnia in modern society is gradually increasing. Due to various social phenomena and lifestyles that take away the opportunity of good quality of sleep, problems of insomnia cannot be easily figured out. Prescription of sleeping pills for insomnia patients can cause other inconveniences due to their side effects beyond their intended purposes. On the other hand, Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) has been widely used in South America for several centuries, showing effectiveness for sleep, sedation, anxiety, and so on in the civilian population. However, reports on the treatment efficacy of this herbal medicinal plant for insomnia patients through standardization as a sleeping agent have been very rare. Therefore, we obtained leaves and fruits of PI (8:2 by weight) as powder to prepare an extract. It was then applied to C6 rat glioma cells to quantitate mRNA expression levels of GABA receptors. Its sleep-inducing effect was investigated using experimental animals. PI extract (6 μg/ml) significantly decreased GABA receptors at 6 hr after treatment. Immobility time and palpebral closing time were significantly increased after single (500 mg/kg) or repeated (250 mg/kg) oral administration. In addition, blood melatonin levels were significantly increased in PI extract-treated animals after both single and repeated administrations. These results were confirmed through several repeated experiments. Taken together, these results confirmed that PI extract had significant sleep-inducing effects in cells and animals, suggesting that PI extract might have potential for treating human insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang‐Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Yehlim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Sunmi Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Sung‐Jo Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyHoseo UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
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Choi W, Kim S, Park S, Ahn J, Kang D. Numerical analysis of rectangular type batch ohmic heater to identify the cold point. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:648-658. [PMID: 31993188 PMCID: PMC6977431 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to precisely simulate the temperature distribution and inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by batch ohmic heating pasteurization of orange juice based on a time-dependent numerical model. A finite element method (FEM) embedded with pathogen inactivation codes using Java language simultaneously solved electric heating, k-ε turbulent flow, and heat transfer equations and dealt with natural heat losses through the walls and air as the boundary conditions. The simulated temperature distribution and populations of E. coli O157:H7 did not differ from the experimental data for every treatment time within a relative error of 6.0%. A cold point problem was observed in the bottom corner, which was more severe for large orange juice samples, leading to an increased treatment time in order to ensure a 5-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Choi
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Soon Kim
- Department of Food EngineeringDankook UniversityCheonanChungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyKongju National UniversityYesanChungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Bae Ahn
- School of Food Service & Culinary ArtsSeowon UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kang
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCenter for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agricultural and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchang‐gunGangwon‐doRepublic of Korea
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