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Newman TE, Lee J, Williams SJ, Choi S, Halane MK, Zhou J, Solomon P, Kobe B, Jones JDG, Segonzac C, Sohn KH. Autoimmunity and effector recognition in Arabidopsis thaliana can be uncoupled by mutations in the RRS1-R immune receptor. New Phytol 2019; 222:954-965. [PMID: 30500990 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) disease resistance proteins recognize specific pathogen effectors and activate a cellular defense program. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum 1 (RRS1-R) and Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 4 (RPS4) function together to recognize the unrelated bacterial effectors PopP2 and AvrRps4. In the plant cell nucleus, the RRS1-R/RPS4 complex binds to and signals the presence of AvrRps4 or PopP2. The exact mechanism underlying NLR signaling and immunity activation remains to be elucidated. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we characterized the intragenic suppressors of sensitive to low humidity 1 (slh1), a temperature-sensitive autoimmune allele of RRS1-R. Our analyses identified five amino acid residues that contribute to RRS1-RSLH1 autoactivity. We investigated the role of these residues in the RRS1-R allele by genetic complementation, and found that C15 in the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain and L816 in the LRR domain were also important for effector recognition. Further characterization of the intragenic suppressive mutations located in the RRS1-R TIR domain revealed differing requirements for RRS1-R/RPS4-dependent autoimmunity and effector-triggered immunity. Our results provide novel information about the mechanisms which, in turn, hold an NLR protein complex inactive and allow adequate activation in the presence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby E Newman
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Bioprotection Centre of Research Excellence, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jungmin Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon J Williams
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sera Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Morgan K Halane
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Zhou
- Bioprotection Centre of Research Excellence, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peter Solomon
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Cécile Segonzac
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hoon Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Rubab M, Chellia R, Saravanakumar K, Mandava S, Khan I, Tango CN, Hussain MS, Daliri EBM, Kim SH, Ramakrishnan SR, Wang MH, Lee J, Kwon JH, Chandrashekar S, Oh DH. Preservative effect of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) extract on their molecular docking, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203306. [PMID: 30281596 PMCID: PMC6169867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (BRARP) and their antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. Of the different solvents extracts, the chloroform extracts (CE) were significantly inhibited the bacterial pathogens at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16.5 mg.mL-1. Biochemical analysis revealed that total phenol (62.6 ± 0.05 mg GAE.g-1) and flavonoids (27.6 ± 0.04 mg QE.g-1) were higher in the extracts of BRARP, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant activity in CE. A total of eight dominant compounds were detected in the potent antimicrobial extract from BRARP based on GC-MS analysis. The molecular interactions study revealed that, among the screened compounds the 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dicyanopropionamide interacted with the active site of pathogenicity and survival related protein with lipopolysaccharide (LpxC) with higer binding energy. This work concluded that the 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2, 3-Dicyanopropionamide from BRARP was reported to be good non-cytotoxic and antioxidant antimicrobials against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chellia
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Suresh Mandava
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Charles Nkufi Tango
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Shakhawat Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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