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Abstract
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, oxidative organelles with key metabolic functions in cellular lipid metabolism, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as the regulation of cellular redox balance. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe metabolic disorders in humans. Furthermore, peroxisomes also fulfil protective roles in pathogen and viral defence and immunity, highlighting their wider significance in human health and disease. This has sparked increasing interest in peroxisome biology and their physiological functions. This review presents an update and a continuation of three previous review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this remarkable organelle. We continue to highlight recent discoveries, advancements, and trends in peroxisome research, and address novel findings on the metabolic functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, protein import, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome-organelle membrane contact sites and organelle cooperation. Furthermore, recent insights into peroxisome organisation through super-resolution microscopy are discussed. Finally, we address new roles for peroxisomes in immune and defence mechanisms and in human disorders, and for peroxisomal functions in different cell/tissue types, in particular their contribution to organ-specific pathologies.
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Grants
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- BB/W015420/1, BB/V018167/1, BB/T002255/1, BB/R016844/1 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung
- German Research Foundation
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
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Affiliation(s)
- Rechal Kumar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Centre for Translational Neuroscience, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harley Worthy
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ruth Carmichael
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Michael Schrader
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Wagener N, Edelmann D, Benner A, Zigeuner R, Borgmann H, Wolff I, Krabbe LM, Musquera M, Dell’Oglio P, Capitanio U, Klatte T, Cindolo L, May M, Brookman-May SD. Outcome of papillary versus clear cell renal cell carcinoma varies significantly in non-metastatic disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184173. [PMID: 28934212 PMCID: PMC5608215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises a heterogenous group of tumors. Traditionally, papillary RCC (pRCC) is associated with a favorable outcome compared to clear cell RCC (ccRCC), while other series report equivalent or worse prognosis. In this paper we comparatively evaluate outcome of pRCC versus ccRCC in two large multi-institutional databases (cohort study), including distribution of pRCC subtypes 1 and 2. Retrospective data of 1,943 surgically treated pRCC patients from 17 European/ North American centers between 1984–2015 were compared to 5,600 ccRCC patients from a database comprising 11 European/ North American centers (1984–2011). Median follow-up was 64.6 months. Differences between pRCC, subtypes, and ccRCC were compared with t-tests, Chi^2-tests, and exact Fisher tests. Cancer-specific mortality was analyzed with cumulative incidence curves and Cox cause-specific hazard models. The robustness of our results was examined with sensitivity analyses. We present that cancer-specific mortality rates and variables as stage, lymph node, and distant metastasis differ significantly between groups. Furthermore, we demonstrate that patients with non-metastatic pRCC had a significantly better cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.76, p = 0.007), when compared to ccRCC. Additionally, pRCC type 2 versus ccRCC exhibited no difference in cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.9, p = 0.722), whereas pRCC type 1 versus ccRCC displayed a risk of death reduced by 69% (p = 0.044). Taken together, outcome of pRCC versus ccRCC varies significantly in non-metastatic disease. Furthermore, pRCC type 2 exhibited no difference in cancer-specific mortality, whereas pRCC type 1 displayed a significantly reduced risk of death. Consequently, there is urgent need to respect histopathological entities and their subtypes, when assigning follow-up or targeted therapy to RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wagener
- Department of Urology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (NW); (SBM)
| | - Dominic Edelmann
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Zigeuner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hendrik Borgmann
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingmar Wolff
- Department of Urology, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Laura M. Krabbe
- Department of Urology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mireia Musquera
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Dell’Oglio
- Unit of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Unit of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Cindolo
- Department of Urology, San Pio da Pietrelcina Hospital, Vasto, Italy
| | - Matthias May
- Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sabine D. Brookman-May
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (NW); (SBM)
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