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Fong VC, Shim J, Yoon A, Lee BS, Iarocci G. A preliminary exploration of different coping strategies used by Korean immigrant parents of autistic children in high versus low family quality of life ratings. Autism 2023; 27:1307-1319. [PMID: 36317392 PMCID: PMC10291356 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The experiences of coping in parents of autistic children have been extensively studied in the literature. While this research has identified both effective and ineffective coping strategies used by caregivers, no studies to date have examined how coping strategies used by parents might be linked to family quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, few studies exist examining both coping strategies and family quality of life in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Thus, this study aimed to address both limitations. A total of 12 Korean immigrant parents of autistic children, 6 representing the high family quality of life group and 6 representing the low family quality of life group, shared their experiences related to coping and managing stress. Responses fell under three broad categories (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and adjustment-focused) with differences observed when comparing the high versus low family quality of life groups. A better understanding of the link between coping strategies and family quality of life outcomes may help identify effective and culturally sensitive supports for caregivers and families to improve their quality of life and well-being.
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Hasbullah JS, Scott EN, Bhavsar AP, Gunaretnam EP, Miao F, Soliman H, Carleton BC, Ross CJD. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) regulates key genes in the RARG-TOP2B pathway and reduces anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276541. [PMID: 36331922 PMCID: PMC9635745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of anthracycline chemotherapeutics (e.g., doxorubicin) is limited by anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (ACT). A nonsynonymous variant (S427L) in the retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARG) gene has been associated with ACT. This variant causes reduced RARG activity, which is hypothesized to lead to increased susceptibility to ACT through reduced activation of the retinoic acid pathway. This study explored the effects of activating the retinoic acid pathway using a RAR-agonist, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in human cardiomyocytes and mice treated with doxorubicin. In human cardiomyocytes, ATRA induced the gene expression of RARs (RARG, RARB) and repressed the expression of topoisomerase II enzyme genes (TOP2A, TOP2B), which encode for the molecular targets of anthracyclines and repressed downstream ACT response genes. Importantly, ATRA enhanced cell survival of human cardiomyocytes exposed to doxorubicin. The protective effect of ATRA was also observed in a mouse model (B6C3F1/J) of ACT, in which ATRA treatment improved heart function compared to doxorubicin-only treated mice. Histological analyses of the heart also indicated that ATRA treatment reduced the pathology associated with ACT. These findings provide additional evidence for the retinoic acid pathway’s role in ACT and suggest that the RAR activator ATRA can modulate this pathway to reduce ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar S. Hasbullah
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erika N. Scott
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amit P. Bhavsar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erandika P. Gunaretnam
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fudan Miao
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hesham Soliman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce C. Carleton
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin J. D. Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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