1
|
Zhao C, Germain RN. Multiplex imaging in immuno-oncology. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006923. [PMID: 37899132 PMCID: PMC10619056 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplex imaging has emerged as an invaluable tool for immune-oncologists and translational researchers, enabling them to examine intricate interactions among immune cells, stroma, matrix, and malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). It holds significant promise in the quest to discover improved biomarkers for treatment stratification and identify novel therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, several challenges exist in the realms of study design, experiment optimization, and data analysis. In this review, our aim is to present an overview of the utilization of multiplex imaging in immuno-oncology studies and inform novice researchers about the fundamental principles at each stage of the imaging and analysis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong-Rolle A, Dong Q, Zhu Y, Divakar P, Hor JL, Kedei N, Wong M, Tillo D, Conner EA, Rajan A, Schrump DS, Jin C, Germain RN, Zhao C. Spatial meta-transcriptomics reveal associations of intratumor bacteria burden with lung cancer cells showing a distinct oncogenic signature. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004698. [PMID: 35793869 PMCID: PMC9260850 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung intratumor microbiome influences lung cancer tumorigenesis and treatment responses, but detailed data on the extent, location, and effects of microbes within lung tumors are missing, information needed for improved prognosis and treatment. METHODS To address this gap, we developed a novel spatial meta-transcriptomic method simultaneously detecting the expression level of 1,811 host genes and 3 microbe targets (bacteria, fungi, and cytomegalovirus). After rigorous validation, we analyzed the spatial meta-transcriptomic profiles of tumor cells, T cells, macrophages, other immune cells, and stroma in surgically resected tumor samples from 12 patients with early-stage lung cancer. RESULTS Bacterial burden was significantly higher in tumor cells compared with T cells, macrophages, other immune cells, and stroma. This burden increased from tumor-adjacent normal lung and tertiary lymphoid structures to tumor cells to the airways, suggesting that lung intratumor bacteria derive from the latter route of entry. Expression of oncogenic β-catenin was strongly correlated with bacterial burden, as were tumor histological subtypes and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Intratumor bacteria were enriched with tumor cells and associated with multiple oncogenic pathways, supporting a rationale for reducing the local intratumor microbiome in lung cancer for patient benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00242723, NCT02146170.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Wong-Rolle
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiang Dong
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yunhua Zhu
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Prajan Divakar
- NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, Washington State, USA
| | - Jyh Liang Hor
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeline Wong
- CCR Genomics Core, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Desiree Tillo
- CCR Genomics Core, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chengcheng Jin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|