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Hudson S, Nishat F, Stinson J, Litwin S, Zeller F, Wiles B, Foster ME, Ali S. Perspectives of Healthcare Providers to Inform the Design of an AI-Enhanced Social Robot in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1511. [PMID: 37761472 PMCID: PMC10529269 DOI: 10.3390/children10091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Children commonly experience pain and distress in healthcare settings related to medical procedures such as blood tests and intravenous insertions (IVIs). Inadequately addressed pain and distress can result in both short- and long-term negative consequences. The use of socially assistive robotics (SARs) to reduce procedure-related distress and pain in children's healthcare settings has shown promise; however, the current options lack autonomous adaptability. This study presents a descriptive qualitative needs assessment of healthcare providers (HCPs) in two Canadian pediatric emergency departments (ED) to inform the design an artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced social robot to be used as a distraction tool in the ED to facilitate IVIs. Semi-structured virtual individual and focus group interviews were conducted with eleven HCPs. Four main themes were identified: (1) common challenges during IVIs (i.e., child distress and resource limitations), (2) available tools for pain and distress management during IVIs (i.e., pharmacological and non-pharmacological), (3) response to SAR appearance and functionality (i.e., personalized emotional support, adaptive distraction based on child's preferences, and positive reinforcement), and (4) anticipated benefits and challenges of SAR in the ED (i.e., ensuring developmentally appropriate interactions and space limitations). HCPs perceive AI-enhanced social robots as a promising tool for distraction during IVIs in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (S.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Fareha Nishat
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (F.N.); (B.W.)
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (F.N.); (B.W.)
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Sasha Litwin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada;
| | - Frauke Zeller
- School of Computing, Engineering, and The Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK;
| | - Brittany Wiles
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (F.N.); (B.W.)
| | - Mary Ellen Foster
- School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK;
| | - Samina Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (S.H.); (S.A.)
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