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Wong F, Diamant ES, Walters M, Yeh PJ. No evidence of repeated song divergence across multiple urban and non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos ( Junco hyemalis) in Southern California. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220178. [PMID: 35991329 PMCID: PMC9382223 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization can affect species communication by introducing new selection pressures, such as noise pollution and different environmental transmission properties. These selection pressures can trigger divergence between urban and non-urban populations. Songbirds rely on vocalizations to defend territories and attract mates. Urban songbirds have been shown in some species and some populations to increase the frequencies, reduce the length and change other temporal features of their songs. This study compares songs from four urban and three non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) throughout Southern California. We examined song length, trill rate, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, peak frequency and frequency bandwidth. We also compared songs recorded from one urban junco population in San Diego nearly two decades ago with recently collected data in 2018-2020. Over all comparisons, we only found significant differences between UCLA and the 2006/2007 UCSD field seasons in minimum and maximum frequencies. These findings partially support and are partially in contrast to previous urban song studies. As urban areas expand, more opportunities will arise to understand urban song divergence in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisha Wong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eleanor S. Diamant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marlene Walters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pamela J. Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Robart AR, McGuire MMK, Watts HE. Increasing photoperiod stimulates the initiation of spring migratory behaviour and physiology in a facultative migrant, the pine siskin. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180876. [PMID: 30225078 PMCID: PMC6124035 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The transition to a migratory state involves coordinated changes in physiology and behaviour. In species with regular, predictable (obligate) migrations, increasing day length triggers the expression of a spring migratory state and androgens play an important role in stimulating its development. By contrast, we know little about the environmental cues and endocrine mechanisms that regulate migration in species with less predictable (facultative) migrations. Here, we tested whether photoperiod stimulates a migratory state in a facultative nomadic migrant, the pine siskin (Spinus pinus). We exposed wintering birds to either a naturally increasing or short-day photoperiod and measured physiological and behavioural changes indicative of a migratory state. We also examined changes in circulating hormones that may play a role in the migratory transition. Natural-day, but not short-day, birds displayed physiological preparations for migration, including increases in fat deposition, and showed increased levels of migratory restlessness. We found no evidence for a role of corticosterone in the migratory transition, but testosterone may be important. This study is the first experimental test of the role of photoperiod in regulating facultative migration and demonstrates that the predictive cue used by many obligate migrants to time spring migration is also important in a facultative migrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Robart
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Mali M. K. McGuire
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Heather E. Watts
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
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Serieys LEK, Lea AJ, Epeldegui M, Armenta TC, Moriarty J, VandeWoude S, Carver S, Foley J, Wayne RK, Riley SPD, Uittenbogaart CH. Urbanization and anticoagulant poisons promote immune dysfunction in bobcats. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20172533. [PMID: 29343604 PMCID: PMC5805946 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how human activities influence immune response to environmental stressors can support biodiversity conservation across increasingly urbanizing landscapes. We studied a bobcat (Lynx rufus) population in urban southern California that experienced a rapid population decline from 2002-2005 due to notoedric mange. Because anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure was an underlying complication in mange deaths, we aimed to understand sublethal contributions of urbanization and ARs on 65 biochemical markers of immune and organ function. Variance in immunological variables was primarily associated with AR exposure and secondarily with urbanization. Use of urban habitat and AR exposure has pervasive, complex and predictable effects on biochemical markers of immune and organ function in free-ranging bobcats that include impacts on neutrophil, lymphocyte and cytokine populations, total bilirubin and phosphorus. We find evidence of both inflammatory response and immune suppression associated with urban land use and rat poison exposure that could influence susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Consequently, AR exposure may influence mortality and has population-level effects, as previous work in the focal population has revealed substantial mortality caused by mange infection. The secondary effects of anticoagulant exposure may be a worldwide, largely unrecognized problem affecting a variety of vertebrate species in human-dominated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel E K Serieys
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marta Epeldegui
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany C Armenta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Moriarty
- Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, National Park Service, 401 West Hillcrest Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seth P D Riley
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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