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Chen M, Jin Z, Jin Q, Liu W, Gao X, Hong H, Qian Y, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Wei Z. Toxoplasma gondii triggers heterophil extracellular traps via NADPH oxidase, ERK 1/2 and P38 signalling pathways, glycolysis and autophagy in chickens. Parasite Immunol 2023:e13001. [PMID: 37340931 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a global distribution. Heterophil extracellular traps (HETs) are a novel innate immune mechanism of chickens against pathogens, but whether T. gondii can induce HETs release in chickens has not been reported. The effects of T. gondii on heterophils viability were assessed by using Cell Counting Kit-8. T. gondii-induced HETs were observed and analysed by the immunofluorescence method. T. gondii-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by the DCFH-DA method. The mechanisms underlying T. gondii-triggered HETs were investigated by inhibitors and fluorescence microplate reader. T. gondii did not significantly affect heterophils viability at a 1:1 ratio within 1 h. It was demonstrated for the first time that T. gondii could induce HETs release in chicken, and the structure of HETs was comprised of DNA, elastase and citrullinated histone 3 (citH3). T. gondii increased ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2 ) and P38 signalling pathways, glycolysis and autophagy significantly decreased the release of T. gondii-induced HETs. Taken together, T. gondii can induce HETs release in chickens, and ROS, NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2 and P38 signalling pathways, glycolysis and autophagy participate in the process of HETs release, which provides new insights into the innate immune mechanism of chickens against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Chen
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zha Jin
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinqin Jin
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongrong Hong
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuxiao Qian
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- Department of Veterinary, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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