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Zhou H, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Zeng B, Zhao C, Zhang M, Zeng B, Zhu X, Su X, Romanovski V, Bi R. Recovery of carbon from spent carbon cathode by alkaline and acid leaching and thermal treatment and exploration of its application in lithium-ion batteries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:114327-114335. [PMID: 37861847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The spent carbon cathode (SCC) is a hazardous solid waste from aluminum production. It has an abundant carbon source and a unique graphitic carbon layer structure, making it a valuable waste for recycling. This paper uses alkaline and acid leaching methods to report a straightforward way of extracting recovered carbon (RC) from SCC as anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The results show that alkaline and acid leaching conditions at 70 °C with 1 M NaOH and HCl solution individually in 6 h and a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 can result in RC with up to 94.63% carbon content than 49.38% in SCC, exhibiting a typical graphite structure. SCC and RC materials are obtained after calcination at 400 °C in an inert atmosphere and used as anode materials (SCC-400 and RC-400). In this paper, The initial charging specific capacities are 490.0 mA h g-1, 195.4 mA h g-1, and 423.2 mA h g-1and initial coulombic efficiencies (ICE) are 67.8%, 78.9%, and 72.0% of RC-400, SCC, and SCC-400. RC-400 also shows excellent capacity retention and impedance values. This exciting finding provides a viable, non-hazardous, and resourceful method for treating and disposing of SCC from aluminum electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Karamay Shuangxin Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Karamay, Xinjiang, 834009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Xinjiang New Energy (group) Environmental Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830026, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Xinjiang New Energy (group) Environmental Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Xinjiang New Energy (group) Environmental Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Xinjiang New Energy (group) Environmental Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830026, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyan Zeng
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintai Su
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Valentin Romanovski
- Science and Research Centre of Functional Nano-Ceramics, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS,", Lenin av., 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Ran Bi
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
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