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Ohta KI, Araki C, Ujihara H, Iseki K, Suzuki S, Otabi H, Kumei H, Warita K, Kusaka T, Miki T. Maternal separation early in life induces excessive activity of the central amygdala related to abnormal aggression. J Neurochem 2023; 167:778-794. [PMID: 38037675 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that child maltreatment, such as neglect, is a risk factor of escalated aggression, potentially leading to delinquency and violent crime in the future. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which an early adverse environment may later cause violent behavior. In this study, we aimed to thoroughly examine the association between aggression against conspecific animals and the activity of amygdala subnuclei using the maternal separation (MS) model, which is a common model of early life stress. In the MS group, pups of Sprague-Dawley rats were separated from their dam during postnatal days 2-20 (twice a day, 3 h each). We only included 9-week-old male offspring for each analysis and compared the MS group with the mother-reared control group; both groups were raised by the same dam during postnatal days 2-20. The results revealed that the MS group exhibited higher aggression and excessive activity of only the central amygdala (CeA) among the amygdala subnuclei during the aggressive behavior test. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between higher aggression and CeA activation. While CeA activity is known to be involved in hunting behavior for prey, some previous studies have also indicated a relationship between CeA and intraspecific aggression. It remains unclear, however, whether excessive CeA activity directly induces intraspecific aggression. Therefore, we stimulated the CeA using optogenetics with 8-week-old rats to clarify the relationship between intraspecific aggression and CeA activity. Notably, CeA activation resulted in higher aggression, even when the opponent was a conspecific animal. In particular, bilateral CeA activation resulted in more severe displays of aggressive behavior than necessary, such as biting a surrendered opponent. These findings suggest that an adverse environment during early development intensifies aggression through excessive CeA activation, which can increase the risk of escalating to violent behavior in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Araki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ujihara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keizo Iseki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Otabi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Haruki Kumei
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
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Koyano T, Fujimoto T, Onishi K, Matsuyama M, Fukushima M, Kume K. Pkd2, mutations linking to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates calcium signaling in fission yeast. Genes Cells 2023; 28:811-820. [PMID: 37723847 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a renal disorder caused by mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes polycystin-2/Pkd2, a transient receptor potential channel. The precise role of Pkd2 in cyst formation remains unclear. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has a putative transient receptor potential channel, Pkd2, which shares similarities with human Pkd2. In this study, truncation analyses of fission yeast Pkd2 were conducted to investigate its localization and function. The results revealed that Pkd2 localizes not only to the plasma membrane but also to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in fission yeast. Furthermore, Pkd2 regulates calcium signaling in fission yeast, with the transmembrane domains of Pkd2 being sufficient for these processes. Specifically, the C-terminal region of Pkd2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium signaling. Interestingly, human Pkd2 also localized to the ER and had some impact on calcium signaling in fission yeast. However, human Pkd2 failed to suppress the loss of fission yeast Pkd2. These findings indicate that hPkd2 may not completely substitute for cellular physiology of fission yeast Pkd2. This study provides insights into the localization and functional characteristics of Pkd2 in fission yeast, contributing to our understanding of the pathogenesis of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koyano
- Division of Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Onishi
- Division of Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Shigei Medical Research Hospital, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kume
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Mukohda M, Yano T, Matsui T, Nakamura S, Miyamae J, Toyama K, Mitsui R, Mizuno R, Ozaki H. Treatment with Ligilactobacillus murinus lowers blood pressure and intestinal permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15197. [PMID: 37709803 PMCID: PMC10502128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
One feature of hypertension is a microbial imbalance with increased intestinal permeability. In this study, we examined whether an alteration in the microbiota affects blood pressure and intestinal permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We performed a 16S metagenome analysis of feces from 10- to 15-week-old SHRs using a synthetic long-read sequencing approach, and found a candidate for the microbiome treatment, Ligilactobacillus murinus (L. murinus), that was robustly decreased. Oral administration of L. murinus to SHRs for 2 weeks significantly inhibited blood pressure elevation and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation but did not attenuate enhanced vascular contraction in SHR mesenteric arteries. The proximal colon of SHRs exhibited increased intestinal permeability with decreased levels of the tight junction protein claudin 4, morphological changes such as decreased intestinal crypts and elevated TNF-α levels, which was reversed by treatment with L. murinus. Consistent with these intestinal phenotypes, plasma lipopolysaccharides levels were elevated in SHR but decreased following L. murinus administration. We concluded that oral administration of L. murinus to SHRs exerts protective effects on intestinal permeability via restoration of claudin 4 expression and reversal of morphologic disorder, which may improve low-grade endotoxemia and thus reduce development of hypertension via recovery of endothelial vasodilating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 7948555, Japan.
| | - Takanori Yano
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 7000005, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Matsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Ehime, 7948555, Japan
| | - Sho Nakamura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan
| | - Jiro Miyamae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Ehime, 7948555, Japan
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 7910295, Japan
| | - Ryoji Mitsui
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 7000005, Japan
| | - Risuke Mizuno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 7948555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 7948555, Japan
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