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Bekendam MT, Vermeltfoort IAC, Kop WJ, Widdershoven JW, Mommersteeg PMC. Psychological factors of suspect coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients undergoing SPECT imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:768-778. [PMID: 33025473 PMCID: PMC8993740 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) often experience anginal complaints and are at risk of cardiac events. Stress-related psychological factors and acute negative emotions might play a role in these patients with suspect coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). METHODS AND RESULTS 295 Patients (66.9 ± 8.7 years, 46% women) undergoing myocardial perfusion single-photon-emission computed tomography (MPI-SPECT), were divided as follows: (1) a non-ischemic reference group (n = 136); (2) patients without inducible ischemia, but with a history of CAD (n = 62); (3) ischemia and documented CAD (n = 52); and (4) ischemia and suspect CMD (n = 45). These four groups were compared with regard to psychological factors and acute emotions. Results revealed no differences between the groups in psychological factors (all P > .646, all effect sizes d < .015). State sadness was higher for patients with suspect CMD (16%) versus the other groups (P = .029). The groups did not differ in the association of psychological factors or emotions with anginal complaints (all P values > .448). CONCLUSION Suspect CMD was not associated with more negative psychological factors compared to other groups. State sadness was significantly higher for patients with suspect CMD, whereas no differences in state anxiety and other psychological factors were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Bekendam
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Willem J Kop
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W Widdershoven
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Elizabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Paula M C Mommersteeg
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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2
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Verhaak E, Schimmel WCM, Gehring K, Emons WHM, Hanssens PEJ, Sitskoorn MM. Health-related quality of life after Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with 1-10 brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1157-1167. [PMID: 33025282 PMCID: PMC7954744 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasingly more patients with multiple (> 4) brain metastases (BM) are being treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Preserving patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important treatment goal. The aim of this study was to assess (individual) changes in HRQoL in patients with 1-10 BM over time. METHODS A total of 92 patients were assessed before (n = 92) and at 3 (n = 66), 6 (n = 53), and 9 (n = 41) months after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS), using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br). The course of HRQoL was analyzed using linear mixed models. Clinical minimally important differences were used to evaluate individual changes. RESULTS At group level, patients' physical well-being worsened, whereas emotional well-being improved over 9 months. Scores on other HRQoL subscales did not change significantly. Number (1-3 versus 4-10) and volume (small, medium, and large) of BM did not influence HRQoL over time, except for the subscale additional concerns; medium intracranial tumor volume was associated with less additional concerns. On the individual level as well, physical well-being declined while emotional well-being improved in most patients over 9 months after GKRS. At patient level, however, most patients had both declines as well as improvements in the different HRQoL aspects. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that even in patients with up to 10 BM, both at group and individual subscale level, aspects of HRQoL remained stable over nine months after GKRS, except for an improvement in emotional well-being and a decline in physical well-being. Nevertheless, HRQoL scores varied considerably at the individual patient level. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02953756, November 3, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verhaak
- Gamma Knife Center, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Wietske C M Schimmel
- Gamma Knife Center, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Gehring
- Gamma Knife Center, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco H M Emons
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick E J Hanssens
- Gamma Knife Center, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet M Sitskoorn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Fiction television series are one of the few cultural expressions in which men's infertility experiences are represented. Through a content analysis of twenty fiction series, this article describes and analyzes such representations. By drawing on Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity and Ricoeur's understanding of paradoxical power structuring, four character types of infertile men are identified: (1) the virile in/fertile man, (2) the secretly non-/vasectomized man, (3) the intellectual eunuch, (4) the enslaving post-apocalyptic man. While these various dramatis persona outline different ways of how infertile men relate to normative hegemonic masculinity, they all represent infertile men as diverging from shared masculine norms. This non-normativity initially excludes many represented men from hegemonic positions. Eventually, however, these men generally aspire to and succeed in reaffirming their hegemonic masculinity through coercive force towards women and other men, through instigating the precondition for any power structure - the shared will to live together as a community -, and/or by seeking and finding explicit recognition for their normativity and dominance. At the end of this paper, I will reflect on the potential harmful effect of these outlined representations of infertile men and make a plea for diversifying representations of infertile men in our culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Lotte de Boer
- Department of Culture Studies, Tilburg School of Humanities & Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153 5000, LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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van Leeuwen B, Smeets P, Bovet J, Nave G, Stieglitz J, Whitehouse A. Do sex hormones at birth predict later-life economic preferences? Evidence from a pregnancy birth cohort study. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201756. [PMID: 33352071 PMCID: PMC7779492 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic preferences may be shaped by exposure to sex hormones around birth. Prior studies of economic preferences and numerous other phenotypic characteristics use digit ratios (2D : 4D), a purported proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure, whose validity has recently been questioned. We use direct measures of neonatal sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen), measured from umbilical cord blood (n = 200) to investigate their association with later-life economic preferences (risk preferences, competitiveness, time preferences and social preferences) in an Australian cohort (Raine Study Gen2). We find no significant associations between testosterone at birth and preferences, except for competitiveness, where the effect runs opposite to the expected direction. Point estimates are between 0.05-0.09 percentage points (pp) and 0.003-0.14 s.d. We similarly find no significant associations between 2D : 4D and preferences (n = 533, point estimates 0.003-0.02 pp and 0.001-0.06 s.d.). Our sample size allows detecting effects larger than 0.11 pp or 0.22 s.d. for testosterone at birth, and 0.07 pp or 0.14 s.d. for 2D : 4D (α = 0.05 and power = 0.90). Equivalence tests show that most effects are unlikely to be larger than these bounds. Our results suggest a reinterpretation of prior findings relating 2D : 4D to economic preferences, and highlight the importance of future large-sample studies that permit detection of small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris van Leeuwen
- Department of Economics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Smeets
- Department of Finance, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Bovet
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gideon Nave
- Department of Marketing, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, University of Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrew Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Sijtsema JJ, Garofalo C, Jansen K, Klimstra TA. Disengaging from Evil: Longitudinal Associations Between the Dark Triad, Moral Disengagement, and Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2020; 47:1351-1365. [PMID: 30737660 PMCID: PMC6617551 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has identified important correlational linkages between the dark triad of personality (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and antisocial behavior in adolescence. However, little is known about the longitudinal associations between these personality characteristics and antisocial behavior, and the processes underlying these linkages. We hypothesized positive bidirectional associations between the dark triad and antisocial behavior, and that increases in moral disengagement would underlie these longitudinal associations. In the current study, we examined these hypotheses in 502 Dutch adolescents (51.8% boys, Mage = 13.57, SD = 1.07) across three annual waves. Path models showed that antisocial behavior was positively associated with relative increases in moral disengagement, a general dark personality factor, and Machiavellianism specifically, but not the other way around. These paths were only observed in boys and more pronounced during the first year of the study. Finally, antisocial behavior was partly indirectly associated to psychopathy across time via antisocial behavior and moral disengagement at a later time point. Together, these findings suggest that dark personality characteristics and moral disengagement development are more likely to be the result of changes in antisocial behavior than the other way around.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle J Sijtsema
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlo Garofalo
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Jansen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A Klimstra
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Visual narratives of sequential images - as found in comics, picture stories, and storyboards - are often thought to provide a fairly universal and transparent message that requires minimal learning to decode. This perceived transparency has led to frequent use of sequential images as experimental stimuli in the cognitive and psychological sciences to explore a wide range of topics. In addition, it underlines efforts to use visual narratives in science and health communication and as educational materials in both classroom settings and across developmental, clinical, and non-literate populations. Yet, combined with recent studies from the linguistic and cognitive sciences, decades of research suggest that visual narratives involve greater complexity and decoding than widely assumed. This review synthesizes observations from cross-cultural and developmental research on the comprehension and creation of visual narrative sequences, as well as findings from clinical psychology (e.g., autism, developmental language disorder, aphasia). Altogether, this work suggests that understanding the visual languages found in comics and visual narratives requires a fluency that is contingent on exposure and practice with a graphic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Cohn
- Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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7
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Abstract
The assumption of latent monotonicity is made by all common parametric and nonparametric polytomous item response theory models and is crucial for establishing an ordinal level of measurement of the item score. Three forms of latent monotonicity can be distinguished: monotonicity of the cumulative probabilities, of the continuation ratios, and of the adjacent-category ratios. Observable consequences of these different forms of latent monotonicity are derived, and Bayes factor methods for testing these consequences are proposed. These methods allow for the quantification of the evidence both in favor and against the tested property. Both item-level and category-level Bayes factors are considered, and their performance is evaluated using a simulation study. The methods are applied to an empirical example consisting of a 10-item Likert scale to investigate whether a polytomous item scoring rule results in item scores that are of ordinal level measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Tijmstra
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This paper introduces virtual reality as an experimental method for the language sciences and provides a review of recent studies using the method to answer fundamental, psycholinguistic research questions. It is argued that virtual reality demonstrates that ecological validity and experimental control should not be conceived of as two extremes on a continuum, but rather as two orthogonal factors. Benefits of using virtual reality as an experimental method include that in a virtual environment, as in the real world, there is no artificial spatial divide between participant and stimulus. Moreover, virtual reality experiments do not necessarily have to include a repetitive trial structure or an unnatural experimental task. Virtual agents outperform experimental confederates in terms of the consistency and replicability of their behavior, allowing for reproducible science across participants and research labs. The main promise of virtual reality as a tool for the experimental language sciences, however, is that it shifts theoretical focus towards the interplay between different modalities (e.g., speech, gesture, eye gaze, facial expressions) in dynamic and communicative real-world environments, complementing studies that focus on one modality (e.g., speech) in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeters
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, NL-5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Engelen JAA, Camp G, van de Pol J, de Bruin ABH. Teachers' monitoring of students' text comprehension: can students' keywords and summaries improve teachers' judgment accuracy? Metacogn Learn 2018; 13:287-307. [PMID: 30881262 PMCID: PMC6394429 DOI: 10.1007/s11409-018-9187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated intra-individual monitoring and regulation in learning from text in sixth-grade students and their teachers. In Experiment 1, students provided judgments of learning (JOLs) for six texts in one of three cue-prompt conditions (after writing delayed keywords or summaries or without a cue prompt) and then selected texts for restudy. Teachers also judged their students' learning for each text, while seeing - if present - the keywords or summaries each student had written for each text, and also selected texts for restudy. Overall, monitoring accuracy was low (.10 for students, -.02 for teachers) and did not differ between cue-prompt conditions. Regulation, indexed by the correlation between JOLs and restudy selections, was significant (-.38 for students, -.60 for teachers), but was also not affected by cue-prompt condition. In Experiment 2, teachers judged students' comprehension of six texts without knowing the students' names, so that only the keywords and summaries, not prior impressions, could inform judgments. Again, monitoring accuracy was generally low (.06), but higher for keywords (.23) than for summaries (-.10). These results suggest that monitoring intra-individual differences in students' learning is challenging for teachers. Analyses of the diagnosticity and utilization of keywords suggest that these may contain insufficient cues for improving teacher judgments at this level of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. A. Engelen
- Welten Institute, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Present Address: Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Gino Camp
- Welten Institute, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | | | - Anique B. H. de Bruin
- Department of Educational Development and Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Looijmans M, van Manen AS, Traa MJ, Kloover JS, Kessels BLJ, de Vries J. Psychosocial consequences of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and evaluation of the need for a lung cancer specific instrument using focus group methodology. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:4177-4185. [PMID: 29948393 PMCID: PMC6209000 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with lung cancer (LC) have high rates of psychosocial symptoms and international guidelines recommend regular psychosocial screening during treatment. This study evaluates psychosocial consequences of diagnosis and treatment of LC in a qualitative way and evaluates the need for a LC specific screening instrument. METHODS Focus group meetings with LC patients were divided by treatment type. Patients discussed psychological and social consequences of diagnosis and treatment. Major themes were identified using content analysis. Themes were re-evaluated in a subsequent focus group, in accordance with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines. RESULTS Patients reported a range of psychosocial consequences, such as frustration due to physical limitations, fear of recurrence, sadness of leaving behind partner and children, and disappointing social support. Patients treated with palliative intent specifically indicated insecurities about the future. Patients from all treatment modalities indicated a need for family support during treatment. No themes specific to LC arose. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LC are coping with a range of psychosocial consequences, independent of the type of treatment they receive. Fear of recurrence/metastasis and insecurity about the future were more prominent in patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. Themes were not specific to LC; therefore, a screening instrument specific for the LC population does not seem required. However, the current standard for screening is considered insufficiently sensitive and a stepped screening approach with specific screening tools and a clinical interview is suggested as usual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou Looijmans
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000, Tilburg, LE, The Netherlands
| | - Annick S van Manen
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000, Tilburg, LE, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Traa
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000, Tilburg, LE, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Kloover
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L J Kessels
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda de Vries
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000, Tilburg, LE, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Psychology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy products contain both beneficial and harmful nutrients in relation to cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we provide the latest scientific evidence regarding the relationship between dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases by reviewing the literature and updating meta-analyses of observational studies. RECENT FINDINGS We updated our previous meta-analyses of cohort studies on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke with nine studies and confirmed previous results. Total dairy and low-fat dairy (per 200 g/d) were inversely associated with a 3-4% lower risk of diabetes. Yogurt was non-linearly inversely associated with diabetes (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90 at 80 g/d). Total dairy and milk were not associated with CHD (RR~1.0). An increment of 200 g of daily milk intake was associated with an 8% lower risk of stroke. The latest scientific evidence confirmed neutral or beneficial associations between dairy products and risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Janette de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
What are the relevant values to the appraisal of research programs? This question remains hotly debated, as philosophers have recently proposed many lists of values potentially relevant to scientific appraisal. Surprisingly, despite being mentioned in many lists, little attention has been paid to fruitfulness. It is unclear how fruitfulness should be explicated, and whether it has any substantial role in scientific appraisal. In this paper, I argue we should explicate fruitfulness as the capacity to develop of research programs. Moreover, I provide a novel strategy to assess and compare the fruitfulness of programs focused on their research questions and heuristics. To illustrate how this strategy would work, I will discuss a case study, namely the adaptationist program in evolutionary psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ivani
- Tilburg University, Dante Building, Postbus 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Using panel data on the age group 50-70 in 15 European countries, we analyze the effects of providing informal care to parents, parents-in-law, stepparents, and grandparents on employment status and work hours. We account for fixed individual effects and test for endogeneity of caregiving using moments exploiting standard instruments (e.g., parental death) as well as higher-order moment conditions (Lewbel instruments). Specification tests suggest that informal care provision and daily caregiving can be treated as exogenous variables. We find a significant and negative effect of daily caregiving on employment status and work hours. This effect is particularly strong for women. On the other hand, providing care at a weekly (or less than weekly) frequency does not significantly affect paid work. We do not find evidence of heterogeneous effects of caregiving on paid work across European regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ciccarelli
- CentER and Department of Econometrics and Operations Research, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Van Soest
- CentER and Department of Econometrics and Operations Research, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
Empirical results presented in this paper suggest that parents' marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for a reduction in morbidity risk from heart disease is inversely related to baseline risk (i.e., the amount of risk initially faced) both for themselves and for their children. For instance, a 40% reduction from the mean of baseline risk results in an increase in MWTP by 70% or more. Thus, estimates of monetary benefits of public programs to reduce heart disease risk would be understated if the standard practice is followed of evaluating MWTP at initial risk levels and then multiplying this value by the number of cases avoided. Estimates are supported by: (1) unique quantitative information on perceptions of the risk of getting heart disease that allow baseline risk to be defined at an individual level and (2) improved econometric procedures to control for well-known difficulties associated with stated preference data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Gerking
- Department of Economics and Tilburg Sustainability Center, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Adamowicz
- Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Mark Dickie
- Department of Economics, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 1400, Orlando, FL 32816-1400 USA
| | - Marcella Veronesi
- Department of Economics, University of Verona, Via Cantarane 24, 37129 Verona, Italy
- Center for Development and Cooperation, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 37, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Groote Schaarsberg M, Reijnierse H, Borm P. On solving mutual liability problems. Math Methods Oper Res (Heidelb) 2017; 87:383-409. [PMID: 30996653 PMCID: PMC6438332 DOI: 10.1007/s00186-017-0621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces mutual liability problems, as a generalization of bankruptcy problems, where every agent not only owns a certain amount of cash money, but also has outstanding claims and debts towards the other agents. Assuming that the agents want to cash their claims, we will analyze mutual liability rules which prescribe how the total available amount of cash should be allocated among the agents. We in particular focus on bilateral φ -transfer schemes, which are based on a bankruptcy rule φ . Although in general a φ -transfer scheme need not be unique, we show that the resulting φ -transfer allocation is. This leads to the definition of φ -based mutual liability rules. For so called hierarchical mutual liability problems an alternative characterization of φ -based mutual liability rules is provided. Moreover it is shown that the axiomatic characterization of the Talmud rule on the basis of consistency can be extended to the corresponding mutual liability rule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Reijnierse
- Center and Department of Econometrics and Operations Research, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Borm
- Center and Department of Econometrics and Operations Research, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
The rise of Bayesianism in cognitive science promises to shape the debate between nativists and empiricists into more productive forms-or so have claimed several philosophers and cognitive scientists. The present paper explicates this claim, distinguishing different ways of understanding it. After clarifying what is at stake in the controversy between nativists and empiricists, and what is involved in current Bayesian cognitive science, the paper argues that Bayesianism offers not a vindication of either nativism or empiricism, but one way to talk precisely and transparently about the kinds of mechanisms and representations underlying the acquisition of psychological traits without a commitment to an innate language of thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Colombo
- Tilburg Center for Logic, Ethics and Philosophy of Science, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands
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