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Galiano-Murillo F, Salas-Lara V, Echandi C, Brenes-Guillén L, Uribe-Lorío L. Draft genomes of two phylotype I and II Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) isolates causing bacterial wilt in tomato plants from Costa Rica. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0104223. [PMID: 38294216 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01042-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria from RSSC hold agricultural significance as they are the causal agents of bacterial wilt. Here, we report the draft genomes of two bacteria extracted from vascular tissues of infected tomato plants. Isolate RALF-MA was classified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (phylotype I) and RALSA-MA as Ralstonia solanacearum (phylotype II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Galiano-Murillo
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Vidal Salas-Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Echandi
- Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Laura Brenes-Guillén
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lorena Uribe-Lorío
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Francoeur CB, Khadempour L, Moreira-Soto RD, Gotting K, Book AJ, Pinto-Tomás AA, Keefover-Ring K, Currie CR. Bacteria Contribute to Plant Secondary Compound Degradation in a Generalist Herbivore System. mBio 2020; 11:e02146-20. [PMID: 32934088 PMCID: PMC7492740 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02146-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivores must overcome a variety of plant defenses, including coping with plant secondary compounds (PSCs). To help detoxify these defensive chemicals, several insect herbivores are known to harbor gut microbiota with the metabolic capacity to degrade PSCs. Leaf-cutter ants are generalist herbivores, obtaining sustenance from specialized fungus gardens that act as external digestive systems and which degrade the diverse collection of plants foraged by the ants. There is in vitro evidence that certain PSCs harm Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, the fungal cultivar of leaf-cutter ants, suggesting a role for the Proteobacteria-dominant bacterial community present within fungus gardens. In this study, we investigated the ability of symbiotic bacteria present within fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants to degrade PSCs. We cultured fungus garden bacteria, sequenced the genomes of 42 isolates, and identified genes involved in PSC degradation, including genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes and genes in geraniol, cumate, cinnamate, and α-pinene/limonene degradation pathways. Using metatranscriptomic analysis, we showed that some of these degradation genes are expressed in situ Most of the bacterial isolates grew unhindered in the presence of PSCs and, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we determined that isolates from the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas degrade α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, or linalool. Using a headspace sampler, we show that subcolonies of fungus gardens reduced α-pinene and linalool over a 36-h period, while L. gongylophorus strains alone reduced only linalool. Overall, our results reveal that the bacterial communities in fungus gardens play a pivotal role in alleviating the effect of PSCs on the leaf-cutter ant system.IMPORTANCE Leaf-cutter ants are dominant neotropical herbivores capable of deriving energy from a wide range of plant substrates. The success of leaf-cutter ants is largely due to their external gut, composed of key microbial symbionts, specifically, the fungal mutualist L. gongylophorus and a consistent bacterial community. Both symbionts are known to have critical roles in extracting energy from plant material, yet comparatively little is known about their roles in the detoxification of plant secondary compounds. In this study, we assessed if the bacterial communities associated with leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens can degrade harmful plant chemicals. We identify plant secondary compound detoxification in leaf-cutter ant gardens as a process that depends on the degradative potential of both the bacterial community and L. gongylophorus Our findings suggest that the fungus garden and its associated microbial community influence the generalist foraging abilities of the ants, underscoring the importance of microbial symbionts in plant substrate suitability for herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte B Francoeur
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lily Khadempour
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rolando D Moreira-Soto
- Sección de Entomología Medica, Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kirsten Gotting
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam J Book
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adrián A Pinto-Tomás
- Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ken Keefover-Ring
- Departments of Botany and Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cameron R Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Chacón L, Barrantes K, Santamaría-Ulloa C, Solano M, Reyes L, Taylor L, Valiente C, Symonds EM, Achí R. A Somatic Coliphage Threshold Approach To Improve the Management of Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents in Resource-Limited Regions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00616-20. [PMID: 32591380 PMCID: PMC7440787 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00616-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective wastewater management is crucial to ensure the safety of water reuse projects and effluent discharge into surface waters. Multiple studies have demonstrated that municipal wastewater treatment with conventional activated sludge processes is inefficient for the removal of a wide spectrum of viruses in sewage. In this study, a well-accepted statistical approach was used to investigate the relationship between viral indicators and human enteric viruses during wastewater treatment in a resource-limited region. Influent and effluent samples from five urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Costa Rica were analyzed for somatic coliphage and human enterovirus, hepatitis A virus, norovirus genotypes I and II, and rotavirus. All WWTPs provide primary treatment followed by conventional activated sludge treatment prior to discharge into surface waters that are indirectly used for agricultural irrigation. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the detection of at least one of the five human enteric viruses and somatic coliphage. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a threshold of 3.0 × 103 (3.5 log10) somatic coliphage PFU per 100 ml, which corresponded to an increased likelihood of encountering enteric viruses above the limit of detection (>1.83 × 102 virus targets/100 ml). Additionally, quantitative microbial risk assessment was executed for farmers indirectly reusing WWTP effluent that met the proposed threshold. The resulting estimated median cumulative annual disease burden complied with World Health Organization recommendations. Future studies are needed to validate the proposed threshold for use in Costa Rica and other regions.IMPORTANCE Effective wastewater management is crucial to ensure safe direct and indirect water reuse; nevertheless, few countries have adopted the virus log reduction value management approach established by the World Health Organization. In this study, we investigated an alternative and/or complementary approach to the virus log reduction value framework for the indirect reuse of activated sludge-treated wastewater effluent. Specifically, we employed a well-accepted statistical approach to identify a statistically sound somatic coliphage threshold value which corresponded to an increased likelihood of human enteric virus detection. This study demonstrates an alternative approach to the virus log reduction value framework which can be applied to improve wastewater reuse practices and effluent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Chacón
- Health Sciences Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud [INISA]), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Kenia Barrantes
- Health Sciences Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud [INISA]), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa
- Health Sciences Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud [INISA]), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Melissa Solano
- Health Sciences Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud [INISA]), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Liliana Reyes
- Health Sciences Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud [INISA]), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Lizeth Taylor
- College of Microbiology (Facultad de Microbiología), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Carmen Valiente
- National Water Laboratory (Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas), Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewerage (Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados), Tres Ríos, Costa Rica
| | - Erin M Symonds
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Rosario Achí
- Health Sciences Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud [INISA]), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
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