1
|
Makarova K, Sajkowska-Kozielewicz JJ, Zawada K, Olchowik-Grabarek E, Ciach MA, Gogolewski K, Dobros N, Ciechowicz P, Freichels H, Gambin A. Harvest time affects antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol and flavonoid content of Polish St John's wort's (Hypericum perforatum L.) flowers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3989. [PMID: 33597594 PMCID: PMC7889936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of hyperforin and hypericin-standardized H. perforatum L. extracts may vary due to the harvest time. In this work, ethanol and ethanol-water extracts of air-dried and lyophilized flowers of H. perforatum L., collected throughout a vegetation season in central Poland, were studied. Air-dried flowers extracts had higher polyphenol (371 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (160 mg CAE/g) content, DPPH radical scavenging (1672 mg DPPH/g), ORAC (5214 µmol TE/g) and FRAP (2.54 mmol Fe2+/g) than lyophilized flowers extracts (238 mg GAE/g, 107 mg CAE/g, 1287 mg DPPH/g, 3313 µmol TE/g and 0.31 mmol Fe2+/g, respectively). Principal component analysis showed that the collection date influenced the flavonoid and polyphenol contents and FRAP of ethanol extracts, and DPPH and ORAC values of ethanol-water extracts. The ethanol extracts with the highest polyphenol and flavonoid content protected human erythrocytes against bisphenol A-induced damage. Both high field and benchtop NMR spectra of selected extracts, revealed differences in composition caused by extraction solvent and raw material collection date. Moreover, we have shown that benchtop NMR can be used to detect the compositional variation of extracts if the assignment of signals is done previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Makarova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna J Sajkowska-Kozielewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Aleksander Ciach
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
- Centre for Statistics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Limburg, Belgium
| | - Krzysztof Gogolewski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Natalia Dobros
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Ciechowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gambin
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|