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Casal Moura M, Deng Z, Brooks SR, Tew W, Fervenza FC, Kallenberg CGM, Langford CA, Merkel PA, Monach PA, Seo P, Spiera RF, St Clair EW, Stone JH, Prunotto M, Grayson PC, Specks U. Risk of relapse of ANCA-associated vasculitis among patients homozygous for the proteinase 3 gene Val119Ile polymorphism. RMD Open 2023; 9:e002935. [PMID: 36990659 PMCID: PMC10069578 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of proteinase 3 gene (PRTN3) polymorphisms in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is not fully characterised. We hypothesise that the presence of a PRTN3 gene polymorphism (single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs351111) is relevant for clinical outcomes. METHODS DNA variant calling for SNP rs351111 (chr.19:844020, c.355G>A) in PRTN3 gene assessed the allelic frequency in patients with PR3-AAV included in the Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis trial. This was followed by RNA-seq variant calling to characterise the mRNA expression. We compared clinical outcomes between patients homozygous for PRTN3-Ile119 or PRTN3-Val119. RESULTS Whole blood samples for DNA calling were available in 188 patients. 75 patients with PR3-AAV had the allelic variant: 62 heterozygous PRTN3-Val119Ile and 13 homozygous for PRTN3-Ile119. RNA-seq was available for 89 patients and mRNA corresponding to the allelic variant was found in 32 patients with PR3-AAV: 25 heterozygous PRTN3-Val119Ile and 7 homozygous for PRTN3-Ile119. The agreement between the DNA calling results and mRNA expression of the 86 patients analysed by both methods was 100%. We compared the clinical outcomes of 64 patients with PR3-AAV: 51 homozygous for PRTN3-Val119 and 13 homozygous for PRTN3-Ile119. The frequency of severe flares at 18 months in homozygous PRTN3-Ile119 was significantly higher when compared with homozygous PRTN3-Val119 (46.2% vs 19.6%, p=0.048). Multivariate analysis identified homozygous PR3-Ile119 as main predictor of severe relapse (HR 4.67, 95% CI 1.16 to 18.86, p=0.030). CONCLUSION In patients with PR3-AAV, homozygosity for PRTN3-Val119Ile polymorphism appears associated with higher frequency of severe relapse. Further studies are necessary to better understand the association of this observation with the risk of severe relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casal Moura
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Zuoming Deng
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Office of Science and Technology, Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Tew
- ITGR Diagnostics Discovery, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fernando C Fervenza
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cees G M Kallenberg
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carol A Langford
- Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul A Monach
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Seo
- Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert F Spiera
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - John H Stone
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Prunotto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Grayson
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrich Specks
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Grayson PC, Ponte C, Robson JC, Suppiah R, Judge A, Hutchings A, Craven A, Khalid S, Luqmani RA, Watts RA, Merkel PA. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1725-1726. [PMID: 35713987 DOI: 10.1002/art.42267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Grayson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joanna C Robson
- Centre for Health and Clinical Research, University of the West of England and University Hospitals and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Ravi Suppiah
- Te Whatu Ora - Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Judge
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anthea Craven
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Khalid
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raashid A Luqmani
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard A Watts
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Dhanwani R, Takahashi M, Mathews IT, Lenzi C, Romanov A, Watrous JD, Pieters B, Hedrick CC, Benedict CA, Linden J, Nilsson R, Jain M, Sharma S. Cellular sensing of extracellular purine nucleosides triggers an innate IFN-β response. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba3688. [PMID: 32743071 PMCID: PMC7375821 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms linking immune sensing of DNA danger signals in the extracellular environment to innate pathways in the cytosol are poorly understood. Here, we identify a previously unidentified immune-metabolic axis by which cells respond to purine nucleosides and trigger a type I interferon-β (IFN-β) response. We find that depletion of ADA2, an ectoenzyme that catabolizes extracellular dAdo to dIno, or supplementation of dAdo or dIno stimulates IFN-β. Under conditions of reduced ADA2 enzyme activity, dAdo is transported into cells and undergoes catabolysis by the cytosolic isoenzyme ADA1, driving intracellular accumulation of dIno. dIno is a functional immunometabolite that interferes with the cellular methionine cycle by inhibiting SAM synthetase activity. Inhibition of SAM-dependent transmethylation drives epigenomic hypomethylation and overexpression of immune-stimulatory endogenous retroviral elements that engage cytosolic dsRNA sensors and induce IFN-β. We uncovered a previously unknown cellular signaling pathway that responds to extracellular DNA-derived metabolites, coupling nucleoside catabolism by adenosine deaminases to cellular IFN-β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dhanwani
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Ian T. Mathews
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Camille Lenzi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Artem Romanov
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel Linden
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roland Nilsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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