1
|
Jeong J, Lee S, Choi JK. Ovotestis Isolation and Cryopreservation of Nesiohelix samarangae (Oriental Snail) as a Snail Model for Conserving Other Endangered Snail Species. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:205. [PMID: 38666817 PMCID: PMC11048464 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a cryopreservation system for the reproductive organs of Nesiohelix samarangae (oriental snail) to support the conservation of their species. The reproductive glands of N. samarangae are divided into numerous acini by acinar boundaries. Within each acinus, the presence of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm were observed, indicating various stages of sperm development. The spermatocytes were irregular in shape and possessed large nuclei. Spermatids, on the other hand, were predominantly located within the lumen of the tissue and exhibited densely packed nuclei. Furthermore, sperm with tails attached were observed within the tissue. In order to preserve the oriental snail species, we utilized the vitrification method to freeze the reproductive organs. Comparing the two methods, it was observed that cryopreservation of ovotestis using 2% alginate encapsulation exhibited superior viability following thawing, surpassing the viability achieved with the non-encapsulated approach. In this study, the establishment of a cryopreservation system for the reproductive organs of the oriental snail not only contributes to the genetic conservation of the endangered snail species but also plays a role in maintaining genetic resources and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jukyeong Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungki Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim J, Yoon Y, Kim Y, Park J, Choi K, Nam J, Lee C, Son J, Park J, Kim U. Cardiovascular outcomes between dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24248. [PMID: 38436204 PMCID: PMC10910463 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been demonstrated to decrease cardiovascular adverse events. However, there is little real-world clinical evidence regarding a direct comparison between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). HYPOTHESIS A difference in the cardiovascular efficancy of dapagliflozin versus empagliflozin in DM patients was anticipated, aiming to guide the optimal choice of SGLT2 inhibitors based on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS From 2014 to 2020, a total of 1549 patients with DM who were prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin were retrospectively enrolled. We categorized the study population into two groups: dapagliflozin (n = 981) and empagliflozin group (n = 568). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure (HF) over a 3-year period. RESULTS Propensity-score matching was performed (537 patients in each group). The mean age and hemoglobin A1c were 58.2 ± 13.0 years and 8.4 ± 1.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the dapagliflozin and empagliflozin groups in the risk of MACE (3.7% vs. 4.8%, hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-2.35; p = 0.349). Furthermore, there were no differences between the two groups in secondary endpoints including all-cause death, MI, stroke, and hospitalization for HF. Prior MI and history of HF were independent predictors of MACE. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin showed no significant difference of real-world clinical cardiovascular outcomes in patients with DM over a 3-year period. Further large randomized clinical trials will be warranted for better evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee‐Heon Kim
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Young‐Chae Yoon
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Young‐Hoon Kim
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Il Park
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kang‐Un Choi
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Ho Nam
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chan‐Hee Lee
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jang‐Won Son
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Seon Park
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ung Kim
- Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Division of CardiologyYeungnam University Medical CenterDaeguRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park EY, Jeong S, Kang S, Cho J, Cho JY, Kim EK. Tooth caries classification with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images using convolutional neural network for permanent teeth in vivo. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:981. [PMID: 38066624 PMCID: PMC10709920 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the remarkable advancements of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, AI-based detection of dental caries is continuously improving. We evaluated the efficacy of the detection of dental caries with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. METHODS Overall, 2814 QLF intraoral images were obtained from 606 participants at a dental clinic using Qraypen C® (QC, AIOBIO, Seoul, Republic of Korea) from October 2020 to October 2022. These images included all the types of permanent teeth of which surfaces were smooth or occlusal. Dataset were randomly assigned to the training (56.0%), validation (14.0%), and test (30.0%) subsets of the dataset for caries classification. Moreover, masked images for teeth area were manually prepared to evaluate the segmentation efficacy. To compare diagnostic performance for caries classification according to the types of teeth, the dataset was further classified into the premolar (1,143 images) and molar (1,441 images) groups. As the CNN model, Xception was applied. RESULTS Using the original QLF images, the performance of the classification algorithm was relatively good showing 83.2% of accuracy, 85.6% of precision, and 86.9% of sensitivity. After applying the segmentation process for the tooth area, all the performance indics including 85.6% of accuracy, 88.9% of precision, and 86.9% of sensitivity were improved. However, the performance indices of each type of teeth (both premolar and molar) were similar to those for all teeth. CONCLUSION The application of AI to QLF images for caries classification demonstrated a good performance regardless of teeth type among posterior teeth. Additionally, tooth area segmentation through background elimination from QLF images exhibited a better performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sungmoon Jeong
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kang
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jungrae Cho
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Cho
- Department of Dentistry, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea.
- , 2559 Gyeongsangde-ro, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwon HJ, Chun SY, Lee EH, Yoon B, Han MH, Chung JW, Ha YS, Lee JN, Kim HT, Kim DH, Kwon TG, Kim BS, Lee SO, Jang BI. Protaetia Brevitarsis-Derived Protein Hydrolysate Reduces Obesity-Related Colitis Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice through Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12333. [PMID: 37569708 PMCID: PMC10418620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation in the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. Obesity is closely related to the occurrence and progression of colitis. The most plausible mechanism linking obesity and colitis is an excessive adipogenesis-related inflammatory response, which causes mucosal dysfunction. Obesity and colitis are linked by several etiologic mechanisms, including excessive adipogenesis, lipotoxicity, pro-inflammatory adipokines/cytokines, macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and gut microbiota. These low-grade enteric inflammations cause mucosal layer damage, especially goblet cell dysfunction through mucin 2 (MUC2) misfolding, ultimately leading to colitis. Inhibiting the inflammatory response can be the most effective approach for treating obesity-related colitis. We focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols in Protaectia brevitas larvae. The P. brevitas was prepared as a low molecular protein hydrolysate (PHPB) to increase the concentration of anti-inflammatory molecules. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of PHPB in an obesity-induced colitis mouse model. Compared with the high-fat diet (HFD) group, the group treated with PHPB exhibited reduced body/organ/fat weight, appetite/food intake inhibition, hypolipidemic effect on ectopic fat, and anti-adipogenic mechanism through the AMPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, we observed attenuated expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, inhibition of pro-inflammatory molecules, stimulation of anti-inflammatory molecules, probiotic-like effect against obesogenic gut microbiota, inhibition of macrophage polarization into M1, suppression of oxidative/ER stress, and reduction of Muc2 protein misfolding in colon. These diverse anti-inflammatory responses caused histological and functional recovery of goblet cells, eventually improving colitis. Therefore, our findings suggest that the protein hydrolysate of Protaetia brevitarsis can improve obesity-related colitis through its anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kwon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - BoHyun Yoon
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research Support Team, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.C.); (J.N.L.); (T.G.K.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Timilshina M, Kang Y, Dahal I, You Z, Nam TG, Kim KJ, Jeong BS, Chang JH. BJ-3105, a 6-Alkoxypyridin-3-ol Analog, Impairs T Cell Differentiation and Prevents Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Disease Progression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168942. [PMID: 28095433 PMCID: PMC5241145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are essential in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreting T helper (Th1) and IL-17 secreting T helper (Th17) cells are critical for several autoimmune diseases. To assess the inhibitory effect of a given compound on autoimmune disease, we screened many compounds with an in vitro Th differentiation assay. BJ-3105, a 6-alkoxypyridin-3-ol analog, inhibited IFN-γ and IL-17 production from polyclonal CD4+ T cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD4+ T cells which were activated by T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. BJ-3105 ameliorated the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model by reducing Th1 and Th17 generation. Notably, Th cell differentiation was significantly suppressed by BJ-3105 treatment without inhibiting in vitro proliferation of T cells or inducing programmed cell death. Mechanistically, BJ-3105 inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) that is critical for Th differentiation. These results demonstrated that BJ-3105 inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT in response to cytokine signals and subsequently suppressed the differentiation of Th cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Youra Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ishmit Dahal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiwei You
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keuk-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Daekyeung College, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (BJ)
| | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (BJ)
| |
Collapse
|