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Cui G, Sun Y, Zou Y, Sun R, Gao Y, Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Wang X, Li Y, Liu L, Zhang G, Rao B, Yu Z, Ren Z. Dynamic changes of Bacterial Microbiomes in Oropharynx during Infection and Recovery of COVID-19 Omicron Variant. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012075. [PMID: 38568937 PMCID: PMC10990182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal microbiomes play a significant role in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, yet the role of these microbiomes play for the development of COVID-19 Omicron variant have not been reported. A total of 791 pharyngeal swab samples were prospectively included in this study, including 297 confirmed cases of Omicron variant (CCO), 222 confirmed case of Omicron who recovered (CCOR), 73 confirmed cases of original strain (CCOS) and 199 healthy controls (HC). All samples completed MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that compared with HC, conditional pathogens increased in CCO, while acid-producing bacteria decreased. Based on six optimal oropharyngeal operational taxonomy units (OTUs), we constructed a marker microbial classifier to distinguish between patients with Omicron variant and healthy people, and achieved high diagnostic efficiency in both the discovery queue and the verification queue. At same time, we introduced a group of cross-age infection verification cohort and Omicron variant subtype XBB.1.5 branch, which can be accurately distinguished by this diagnostic model. We also analyzed the characteristics of oropharyngeal microbiomes in two subgroups of Omicron disease group-severity of infection and vaccination times, and found that the change of oropharyngeal microbiomes may affect the severity of the disease and the efficacy of the vaccine. In addition, we found that some genera with significant differences gradually increased or decreased with the recovery of Omicron variant infection. The results of Spearman analysis showed that 27 oropharyngeal OTUs were closely related to 6 clinical indexes in CCO and HC. Finally, we found that the Omicron variant had different characterization of oropharyngeal microbiomes from the original strain. Our research characterizes oropharyngeal microbiomes of Omicron variant cases and rehabilitation cases, successfully constructed and verified the non-invasive diagnostic model of Omicron variant, described the correlation between microbial OTUs and clinical indexes. It was found that the infection of Omicron variant and the infection of original strain have different characteristics of oropharyngeal microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Long An District, Anyang, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Long An District, Anyang, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benchen Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Li L, Zhang J, Sun R, Liu H, Cheng G, Fan F, Wang C, Li A, Liang H, Yu Z, Wang G, Ren Z. Immune Dysregulation in SARS-CoV-2 patients coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or HIV in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:556. [PMID: 38388348 PMCID: PMC10882883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infections usually cause immune dysregulation in the human body. Studies of immunological changes resulting from coinfections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or HIV are limited. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study focusing on patients with COVID-19. A total of 550 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in our study and categorized into four groups based on the presence of coinfections; 166 Delta-infected patients, among whom 103 patients had no coinfections, 52 who were coinfected with Mtb, 11 who were coinfected with HIV, and 384 Omicron-infected patients. By collecting data on epidemiologic information, laboratory findings, treatments, and clinical outcomes, we analyzed and compared clinical and immunological characteristics. RESULTS Compared with those in the Delta group, the median white blood cell, CD4 + T-cell and B-cell counts were lower in the Mtb group and the HIV group. Except for those in the Omicron group, more than half of the patients in the three groups had abnormal chest CT findings. Among the three groups, there were no significant differences in any of the cytokines. Compared with those in the Delta group, the disease duration and LOS were longer in the Mtb group and the HIV group. For unvaccinated Delta-infected patients, in the Mtb and HIV groups, the number of B cells and CD4 + T cells was lower than that in the Delta group, with no significant difference in the LOS or disease duration. In the Mtb group, three (6%) patients presented with a disease duration greater than four months and had decreased lymphocyte and IL17A counts, possibly due to double infections in the lungs caused by SARS-CoV-2 and M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS We found that SARS-CoV-2 patients coinfected with Mtb or HIV exhibited a longer disease duration and longer LOS, with a decrease in B cells and CD4 + T cells, suggesting that these cells are related to immune function. Changes in cytokine levels suggest that coinfection with Mtb or HIV does not result in dysregulation of the immune response. Importantly, we discovered a chronic course of coinfection involving more than four months of Mtb and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and the Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, #1 Jianshe East Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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